1. Condition Monitoring (CM)  Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) a joint lecture for MECH 512: Design for Structural Integrity MECH 513: Smart Materials and Intelligent Structural Systems
John Summerscales

2. Condition Monitoring (CM)
Condition monitoring is the use of advanced technologies to determine the condition of equipment and predict its failure.  This in turn should inform predictive maintenance (PM) or reliability-centred maintenance (RCM). 

3. Condition Monitoring (CM)
Taylor [2006] has suggested that "just as your physician uses a variety of tests and evaluations to assess your state of health, we should do the same for our machinery“.
There are six steps to a healthy machine:
what are the possible failures?
which of these failures are significant?
how can we avoid these failures?
if we can’t avoid failure, can we get an early warning?
select a suite of tests to detect early warning signs.
collect the results of the tests at one decision point.

4. Condition Monitoring (CM)
Techniques that can be used include:
the Human Senses
look, listen, smell, taste, feel etc.
Motor Current Analysis
Oil Analysis and Tribology
Non-destructive testing (NDT)

5. Condition Monitoring (CM)
Lloyd’s Register’s integrated condition monitoring service (ICMS) [2] proposes that "integrated condition monitoring helps optimise maintenance by judging the health of machinery using non-invasive sensing technology". 

6. Condition Monitoring (CM)
The benefits of an ICMS approach are:
early detection of impending machinery failure to help lower the risk of unscheduled downtime
scheduling and utilisation of maintenance resources is more efficient
reductions in time spent in dry dock, if a pre-dry-docking fault locating survey is performed
reduced likelihood of ‘maintenance induced’ failures
availability of global condition monitoring data.

7. Condition Monitoring (CM)
Risk-Based Inspection (RBI)
a method for deciding which components to inspect. 
instead of a fixed inspection interval, RBI considers the risk of an item of plant, or of a component, failing and decides the inspection interval on that basis. 

8. Risk assessment
Consider the Probability (likelihood) and the Severity (consequence) of failure separately.
classify them either as a range or simply as low/medium/high
the risk is the product of the two numbers
a high number is a high risk
endeavour to reduce the calculated risk

9. Probability of Failure
Risk assessment
 Consequence of failure
Low
Medium
High
Probability of Failure
HIGH RISK
LOW RISK
e.g.

10. Condition Monitoring (CM)
So how might we monitor that:
the mp3 player has enough power now, and for five hours time
the washing machine is consuming the minimum power needed and , if not, where the additional load is being taken
that the car will continue to run smoothly
that the car tyres are at the correct pressure

11. Condition Monitoring (CM)
The options might include:
voltage and current measurement
noise and vibration
the instrument panel
in-wheel pressure sensors

12. ISO/DIS Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - Requirements for training and certification of personnel
1: certifying bodies and the certification process
2: vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics
3: training bodies and the training process
4: field lubricant analysis
6: acoustic emission
8: thermography

13. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
a damage detection process used for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure which monitors the system over time. 
typically, an array of sensors collects dynamic response measurements either continuously or at regular intervals. 

14. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
So how might we monitor:
an earth filled masonry arch bridge carrying a road or railway
cracking at joints in an offshore oil exploitation rig jacket
corrosion of a liquid storage tank while full of hazardous chemicals
barely visible impact damage (dropped tools on CFRP aircraft wings)

15. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
The options include:
mechanical/dead-weight loading with measurement of deflections
modes and frequencies of vibration
embedded sensors
non-destructive testing technologies (MATS324 lecture A12) ...