1. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 1 The development of……

2. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 2 To get full marks in this section you must: 1.Evaluate the impact of modern technology, materials and components on the development of your product over the years. 2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of modern technology on society. [9 marks] Impact of modern technologies See an example of this on the next page. The example would have been awarded 8 marks

3. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 3 Impact of modern technologies, smart materials and components on their development The walkman over the last few decades has become more compact this is partly to do with the materials and how they are used. The first walkman, was designed to play cassette tapes which were large, and the tape could often stretch and change the sound quality, the case was made of plastic and all components were large and bulky. The difference between the first and Walkman has since evolved becoming smaller and more compact as a result of modern manufacturing techniques which allow for components and printed circuit boards (PCB’s) to be made smaller. With the evolution of technology the way in which media is stored has also changed the development of the Walkman as media is now commonly stored on flash microchips such as SD cards, USB flash drives etc this has allowed the Walkman to not only become smaller but also become more reliable in playing music as there are no moving parts. Benefits of using modern technology As a result of using modern technology to influence and develop the Walkman such as using the latest technology to store and play music has helped to make society more environmentally friendly as compact discs (CD’s) are more easily recycled than cassette tapes and do not break or become damaged as often therefore need to be replaced less often, however the use of flash microchips has reduced the amount of materials used by an amazing amount as music can now be purchased digitally and transferred to these flash microchips, where in the past if you wanted to listen to different albums you would need to have the various tapes or CD’s now a flash microchips can hold thousands or millions of albums which can be deleted when no longer wanted. The use of modern technology in the manufacture of Walkman's has also made it easier to mass produce this product and as a result has made the product cheaper to manufacture, so the product is more affordable to consumers. Disadvantages of using modern technology With the use of modern manufacturing techniques the product has become more easily affordable and available almost to the point where the Walkman is regarded as a throw away item this is having a detrimental effect on the environment as people are buying a Walkman then a few months later when a newer model is manufactured they are disregarding their Walkman for the newer model. Also with the new production methods more and more of the manufacturing process is becoming automated so there are less jobs available for people.

4. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 4 To get full marks in this section you must: 1.Identify the materials and components used to make each development of your product 2.explain in detail why these materials and components have been used, and their:  Properties  Characteristics  Performance and  Cost 3.Technical terms will be used. 4.Information will be easy to read and written with good grammar, punctuation and spelling. [9 marks] See an example of this on the next page. The example would have been awarded 6 marks if completed. Production details

5. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 5 Production details 1970’s walkman 1990’s walkman 2000’s walkman Head band is made from PVC as this material is flexible, this is necessary as the head phones need to be able to fit a wide range of peoples heads and maybe pulled out of shape occasionally. Foam covers are placed around the speakers in the headphones. Foam is used as this material is thick and airy which provides a comfortable cushion like feel to the user making the product more comfortable to use The walkman case is made from acrylic as acrylic is rigid, this will ensure that the electronics or media contained within will not become damaged. At the time of developing this model acrylic was a new material that was at the height of fashion and so was quiet expensive, now acrylic can be bought for £1.98 for a 3x400x400mm sheet. Acrylic was used regardless of the price as this product was developed as a luxurious item. Clear acrylic window is used so that the user can see how far the media is through the data without removing the media from the device, making the product more convenient. EXAMPLE SAME MUST BE DONE TO ALL 3 PRODUCTS The case is made of a light weight metal such as aluminium as this is a strong and light weight metal that is very durable. Aluminium is also one of the cheapest metals available and can also be easily recycled. The air brushed metal case gives the users the impression that the product is a high quality and durable product.

6. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 6 To get full marks in this section you must: 1.Explain the manufacturing process used to make each development of your product. 2.Justify why these manufacturing processes were used. [6 marks] See an example of this on the next page. The example would have been awarded 4 marks if completed. Manufacturing processes

7. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 7 Manufacturing Processes 1970’s walkman 2000’s walkman 1990’s walkman EXAMPLE SAME MUST BE DONE TO ALL 3 PRODUCTS As the case is made from metal it is most likely that sheets of aluminium would have been purchased, this would actually save time and money rather than making the metal. Whilst the sheet was still flat all the holes for head phone jacks, buttons etc would have been cut possibly with a CAD/CAM machine such as a laser cutter or CNC router as these give a high quality finish and do not require human labour, or to save production costs a die cutter may have been used as these machines are less expensive to purchase.Then using a machine press such as the one in the picture below the metal pieces could be easily formed to the required shape. Apart from the cassette door which has been connected with the use of two small hinges and screws the other components were most likely joined using silver soldering. This is because silver soldering joins are very strong and the equipment is cheaper than welding equipment. Brazing is unlikely to have been used as this technique is not very durable.

8. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 8 To get full marks in this section you must: 1.Explain in detail how your product has changed over the years and suggest other ways you think it could change in the future. 2.Explain in detail sustainability problems with the different versions of your product [6 marks] See an example of this on the next page. The example would have been awarded 5 marks if completed Modify design solutions

9. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 9 Design development 1970’s walkman 2000’s walkman 1990’s walkman How the design has developed In 1970 the walkman was a sturdy large item, with large buttons that could easily become pressed accidently whilst in the users bag or pocket, this issue was corrected in later models of the product with the use of a hold button which when activated would not allow any other buttons to be pressed, and this was combined in the 1990’s walkman with smaller buttons to avoid accidental pressing when placed in the users bag. Partly due to the nature of the technology in the 1970 that the media was stored on meant that the device required lots of moving parts and electronic components to work all of this and the materials chosen made the product rather heavy weighing almost 1kg when a cassette tape was inserted. As new media storage technologies became available with the invention of the compact disc (CD) walkmans were able to become lighter as the media storage was much lighter and required a few less moving parts this also resulted in a reduction in the amount of electronic components required. This was also due to the more advanced techniques used to manufacture printed circuit boards as well, this enabled electronic circuits to become smaller. However the overall product had almost tripled in size compared to the cassette walkman and was not as commercially successful as this meant the device needed to be either in a bag or held in the users hands. This CD walkman and many others struggled to over come the problem of being able to successfully read data from the CD whilst the user was in motion which was rather detrimental to the original branding of the walkman as the walkman brand was advertised that you could walk, exercise or do anything and still listen to your music. It wasn't until the 2000’s that walkmans really became small, light weight and compact, this was a direct result of the wide spread use of integrated circuits (IC’s) and new technology that allowed the IC to store data this enabled walkmans to be integrated into any electrical device and meant that they could take any size or shape the designers wanted. Many of the walkmans in the 2000’s were integrated into mobile phones as theses are already used by the majority of the population and are half the size of the walkman from the 1970’s. The design of the headphones have changed a great deal over the years as well, in 1970’s the head phones were a simple set of speakers strapped to the users head with a head band, by the 1990’s these had evolved to miniature speakers that could fit inside the ear to reduce noise pollution and help the user enjoy better sound, but these were still cushioned with the same foam covering as the headphones in the 1970’s which when placed inside the ear was bulky and not very ergonomically designed, unlike the headphones in the 2000’s which had a rubber cover to help them shrink or expand to fit in almost anybody's ear comfortably and as these created almost a vacuum effect it blocked out all noise enhancing the sound quality. The future of the walkman As the current internet technology is progressing and most hand held devices are able to wirelessly connect to the internet it is my opinion that the next generation of the walkman will not take the physical form of an object but rather an online piece of software that will allow you to remotely listen to the music on your own computer from anywhere on any device

10. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 10 Sustainability issues with walkman developments EXAMPLE SAME MUST BE WRITTEN IN SIMILAR WAY TO PREVIOUS PAGE

11. Centre name: The Business Academy Bexley Centre number: 14139 Candidate Name: J.Ferreira Candidate number: XXXXXX Manufacturing J505 Unit 231 1A 11 Bibliography http://pocketcalculatorshow.com/walkman/history.htmlhttp://pocketcalculatorshow.com/walkman/history.html, accessed on 20/11/2010 http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall05/ryals/walkman.htmlhttp://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall05/ryals/walkman.html, accessed on 20/11/2010 http://www.popcultureshock.com/walkman-turns-30-evolution-mobile-music/50062/http://www.popcultureshock.com/walkman-turns-30-evolution-mobile-music/50062/, accessed on 20/11/2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman, accessed on 20/11/2010 http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/sony-walkman-origin.htmlhttp://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/sony-walkman-origin.html, accessed on 20/11/2010 http://www.muggyweld.com/video.htmlhttp://www.muggyweld.com/video.html, accessed on 20/11/2010 EXAMPLE Must be in alphabetical order and include at least 2 books