1. Macromolecules
Biology CP

2. Macromolecules Are BIG molecules! Building blocks of cells
Small monomers combine to form a polymer
All contain C, H, O

3. 4 Types of Macromolecules
1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids
*All are organic – so all contain Carbon

4. Caloric Value Energy is stored in the bonds
Proteins, carbs, lipids - different structures so different caloric values
Lipids – highest caloric value
Proteins and Carbs – same value

5. Proteins
Functions - as enzymes, transport of material, self-defense, body structure

6. Proteins Monomer = amino acids Contains C, H, O, and N
Are millions of different kinds

7. Lipid Base “Unit” Does not have a “true” monomer
Triglyceride = 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
All lipids are “hydrophobic” (nonpolar)

8. Lipids Fats and oils – Saturated - solid at room temperature
Unsaturated – liquid
Lipid examples: steroids, waxes, cholesterol

9. Lipids - Functions Long term energy storage Cushions internal organs
Insulation for body against temperature extremes
Important in hormones and vitamins

10. Carbohydrates monomer = monosaccharide or “simple sugar”
Forms disaccharides and polysaccharides = polymers
Forms long chains

11. Carbohydrates
Important source of fiber for animals. Most fiber is cellulose
Energy is released when bonds are broken; is the main source of energy
Excess carbs are converted to fats

12. Starch and Glycogen Plants store energy as starch
Animals store energy as glycogen in the liver and muscles

13. Order macromolecules are burned in the body
Carbs first
Lipids second
Proteins third

14. Nucleic Acids Monomer = nucleotide Polymer = DNA or RNA
Store and transmit the genetic material

15. Nucleotide (monomer) of DNA and RNA
5-carbon sugar + a phosphate + a nitrogenous base
Information in DNA is used to make proteins

16. Which is DNA? Which is RNA?