1. Events Leading to the
Civil War

2. Sectionalism Differences
NORTHEAST
SOUTH
WEST
Economy
Business and manufacturing
Cotton-growing
Frontier and agriculture
Role
of Government
Wanted tariffs
Backed internal improvements
Wanted end to cheap public land
Increasingly nationalistic
Opposed government spending
Increasingly supportive of states’ rights
Wanted federal government to sponsor internal improvements and cheap labor

3. Sectionalism
Factors Contributing to Sectionalism * different economic systems * States’ Rights / Slavery * Tariffs of 1828 and * Manifest Destiny * Industrial Revolution

4. Reform Movements p. 240 Cause: - Evangelist / 2nd Great Awakening
- no longer pre destiny
- actions matter
- churches split
Effects:
- more conscience
- Christianity to slaves
- slaves viewed message as
promise of freedom
- Black churches develop
- 1st black national convention
Religion
p. 240

5. Reform Movements p. 244 Mainly in the NE Cause: - no uniform policy
- school conditions varied
- almost no attendance laws
- classes not divided by grades
Effects:
- tax support for schools
- public funding for elementary
- increase in public school
attendance
- teacher training
Schools
Mainly in the NE
p. 244

6. Reform Movements p. 254 Cause: - more working outside home Effects:
- lower wages
- no voting rights
- could not sit on jury
- possessions went to husband
Effects:
- Rallies/ Organized groups
- worked for reform movements
- Temperance movement
- Seneca Falls convention
- more schools open for women
Women
p. 254

7. Reform Movements p. 259 Cause: - opening of more factories Effects:
- new technology
- new machines
- need for more labor force
Effects:
- more job opportunities/ unskilled
- increase in production
- immigrants & women in jobs
- development of unions
- regular hours & pay
Work-place
p. 259

8. How do they relate ?? How does sectionalism relate to the Civil War?
How does the reform movement relate to the Civil War?
Economic differences, Cultural differences , the West expanded …all these caused more tension between the N & S
As the country developed and we saw needs for change/reform… slavery became a bigger issue

9. Events that Led to the Civil War 1. Sectional differences 2
Events that Led to the Civil War 1. Sectional differences 2. Abolitionist Movement 3. Doctrine of Nullification 4. Missouri Compromise 5. Wilmot Proviso 6. Compromise of Kansas – Nebraska Act 8. Bleeding Kansas 9. Lincoln – Douglas Debate 10. Election of 1860

10. Causes for the Abolition Movement: Quakers challenged slavery on religious grounds Great Awakening Ministers believed morally wrong; actions matter Women played a big role as reformers - understood being treated unfairly Westward expansion - new territories kept slave issue in focus

11. Abolitionist Movement Began in the 1830 – 40’s Immediatists - wanted emancipation now - favored violence or force - more effective for public attention Moderates - emancipation slow and gradual - nonviolent tactics - methods would win more public support
4 min

12. Opposition to Abolition: - Many Northerners were racist - Southerners defense * economic reasons * Antebellum South/ part of culture * slaves not able to care for themselves - Federal gov’t using the Gag Rule (p.253) * South refused to debate * adopted by Congress * could not discuss slavery issue

13. Reform Movements Cause: - religious beliefs Effects: p. 248
- reformers protesting
- publishing magazines
- women’s movement
Effects:
- Gag rule
- revolts
- states’ rights
Abolition
p. 248

14. Impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wakes people to the horrors of slavery
sold Millions
When Lincoln meets Stowe, he says "So
you're the little woman who wrote the
book that made this great war!"
Impact: help to add fuel to the burning desire to see slavery abolished

16. Antislavery Actions
Proslavery Action

17. Antislavery Actions Proslavery Action
Published The Liberator
Defeat of VA motion
for abolition
North Star
Tighter slave regulations
Formed antislavery society
1836 Gag rule
Nat Turner’s rebellion
S. Congress refuse to debate
Underground railroad
Fugitive Slave Act p

18. Free Northern Blacks
Slaves in South

19. Free Northern Blacks Slaves in South
Racism / fear
Labor in fields
Least desirable jobs
Work in owners home
Low pay
Some skilled jobs in factories
Joined abolitionist movement
Wages went to owners
Basic needs provided
Value as property

20. Journal – Nat Turner Hero or Madman???
Read in your textbook p. 252 about the Nat Turner Rebellion Based, on what you read, what kind of person do you think Nat Turner was?

21. Nat Turner Timeline 1831 Aug. 22 Aug. 23 Oct. 30 Nov. 1-2 Nov. 5
Nat’s army dissembles after killing 55 white me, women, children. Nat disappears
Nat is captured after 70 days
Rebellion begins with Nat and his men
Nov. 1-2
Nov. 5
Nov. 11
Thomas Gray visits Nat and compiles
The Confession of Nat Turner
At trial, Nat pleads his innocence but is found guilty and an insurgent and is sentences to be hanged
Nat is hanged
Dies at noon

22. Journal – Harriet Tubman Painting
What are the objects in the painting?
2. What is the mood, or atmosphere of
the painting?
3. What details help create the mood?
4. How important are the stars, especially
the North Star, in the painting? Explain
5. Why might the snake be a good symbol for the evils of slavery?

23. No. 10
Harriet Tubman Series
Created by:
Jacob Lawrence

24. Westward Expansion Issues
Missouri Compromise 1820
Wilmot Proviso 1846
Compromise of 1850
Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854
Bleeding Kansas

25. Missouri Compromise - 1820 Balance of power
~ 11 free and 11 slave states
Missouri applied for statehood
~ would cause unbalance
~ South expected to be slave
Missouri enters – slave
Maine enter – free
Rest of the LA territory be divided at
36 30' N latitude line (set by Congress)
~ Above free, below slave
p. 222

29. Missouri Compromise Westward settlement Industrial North Antebellum
South

30. Doctrine of Nullification
John C. Calhoun
1832
sovereign states had agreed to
accept the Constitution
they could nullify anything they did
not agree with inside the state
keep South from leaving the Union
States’ Rights used for justification
(p )

32. Wilmot Proviso - 1846 Propose: North South Effect: favored
1. territory from MX war remain “free soil”
2. California - free state
3. UT & NM terr. - closed to slavery
North
South
Effect:
favored
against (would unbalance
Congress to favor N)
South threatened to secede from Union
p. 306 & Reading guide

33. Compromise of 1850 Why? Who does this compromise tend to favor p. 307
- proposed by Henry Clay to Congress
- hopes of satisfying the south
4 provisions:
1. CA admitted as a free state
2. UT & NM territories could choose (Free or Slave)
- Clay reintroduced popular sovereignty
3. Slave trade would be abolished in D.C.
4. Stricter Fugitive slave laws
Who does this compromise tend to favor
Why?
p. 307

34. Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 - divided NE territory into 2 states
- initial purpose: create opportunities for a
Transcontinental RR
- KS & NE should be free (north of the 36’ 30 line)
- Passing repeals the Missouri Compromise
- will established popular sovereignty
(states right to choose)
- President Pierce signed the K-N bill into law.

35. How do the Compromise and the K-N Acts affect the popular sovereignty choice?

36. Bleeding Kansas
groups sent people to Kansas to vote and
fight for the cause.
Missourians crossed the border with rifles
to stuff the ballots in favor of slavery
John Brown, an abolitionist went to Kansas
(sent by God to stop the slavery)
* He and his men killed many
p. 316

37. Bleeding Kansas…cont. Kansas enters as.. FREE
For Kansas the Civil War began in 1855
Voting caused the battle
to begin
Kansas was a battlefield
over slavery
Bleeding Kansas widened
the gap between the N & S
Kansas enters as..
FREE

39. John Brown depicted in a mural titled, "Tragic Prelude" by John Steuart Curray.
On display in the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

40. Political Split - united only on slave issue p. 320
By late 1850…discontent … political landscape changing
Northern Whigs, anti-slave Democrats, & free-soilers formed the Republican Party
- Opposed expansion of slavery
- Party had strength due to diversity
- united only on slave issue
p. 320

41. Journal - Dred Scott Case
Read p. 332 – Supreme Court decision
What position did Taney’s opinion take?
Why did Taney’s opinion matter legally?
Why did Taney’s opinion matter politically?
4. What is the Historical impact of Taney’s Supreme Court decision and the 13th Amendment?
5. How did the DS decision influence American history?
6. How is this an example of Federalism?

42. Dred Scott Case 1857 Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri
Owner took him into IL and WI (free terr.)
4 years later returned to MO
Scott sued for his freedom
(had lived in a free territory)
* Vital questions for Supreme Court
1. Could Scott sue – Was he a citizen of
the U.S.?
2. Was slavery a state issue – did being in a
free state make him free?

43. Dred Scott Case - continued
Legal Importance
expanded the reach of slavery by declaring
it property
Political Importance
increased sectional tension
Historical Impact
Supreme Court decision was cancelled out
when 13th &14th amendments passed
Example of…
Checks and Balance

44. Lincoln-Douglas Debate
* Candidates / 1858 IL senator election
> Democrats - Stephen Douglas
> Republicans - Abe Lincoln
- Douglas defended popular sovereignty
(not slavery) but protecting democracy
- Lincoln was anti-slavery
* Douglas won the election
~ lost support of southern states
* Lincoln (unknown) became well known after
the debate
p. 326

46. John Brown’s Raid - 1859 Harper’s Ferry, VA
Brown received financial backing from Northern abolitionist
Goal to seize weapons, distribute to slave,
start an uprising
Brown was captured
Hanged for treason
Viewed as a martyr , terrorist
p. 327

47. John Brown going to his hanging
by Horace Pippin
p. 328

48. Election of 1860 > N. Democrats - Stephen Douglas
* Four candidates running for President
> N. Democrats - Stephen Douglas
> S. Democrats - John Breckinridge
> Republicans - Abe Lincoln
> Constitutional Union Party - John Bell
* Republicans platform - limit extension of slavery
Lincoln Bell Douglas Breckinridge
(Rep.) (moderates) (Democ.)

49. Election of 1860

50. Secession Southern radicals saw no alternatives but to secede
Believed secession would be peaceful
It would unify the South
- SC led the way in secession
* justified based on states rights
(said voluntarily joined, voluntary leave)

51. Secession - continued - Within eight weeks MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX
voted to secede (deep south)
* a new nation established
* Confederate States of America
- Jefferson Davis – President
- Alexander Stephens – VP

52. Secession - continued South left the union before Lincoln’s
inauguration
* Lincoln’s stand:
1. would not interfere w/ slavery
where it existed
2. slavery would not be extended
3. no state could lawfully withdraw
from the union
4. did not want to provoke war

53. EOC Workbook Pages Read States’ Rights and Nullification on p. 79/80
76 (1,2)
77 (5)
84 (1,2,3)
85 (1,2)
Read
States’ Rights and Nullification
on p. 79/80

54. Link and Learn Pages 4 (Harriet B. Stowe) 10 (Bleeding Kansas)
13 (Dred Scott case)
14 (Liberator newspaper)
15 (Parties 1850’ 1860’s)
18 (Dred Scott)
32 (Dred Scott v. Sandford, Secession, Pop. Sovern)

55. Review Questions Who would have favored the Kansas-Nebraska Act? WHY?
Popular Sovereignty is a term that reflects which concept?
How have the compromises truly affected the slave territory issue?