1. It’s All Gr k to Me 700 B.C. to 145 B.C.

2. Section 1: City-States Polis – “city-state”
Geographic & political center of Greek Life
City was in the inner & farms on the outer

3. Acropolis
Built on an Acropolis: fortified(military) limestone hill

4. Agora Bottom of hill was the agora: open marketplace
Political & legal center, shops, water for the women

5. Running the City-States
Own government & laws
Contained 5,000 to 10,000 citizens
Only males from Greece could vote
Citzens could vote, own property, and hold gov. positions
Polis gave them sense of belonging and civic & personal honor

6. Section 2: Sparta Aristocrats (nobles) took over gov.
Led by 2 Kings who lead the army and conducted religious services
Aristocrats = only Spartan citizens

7. Helots and Perioeci Spartans believed in totalitarianism
Gov. that uses force & power to rule
Helots: enslaved people who farmed the land
Perioeci: merchants and artisans who lived in villages
Neither enslaved ppl nor citizens
Helots & Perioeci outnumber aristocrats
Aristocrats trained for army & war

8. Spartan Way of Life Goal: to be militarily strong
Did not believe in change b/c it would weaken way of life
Newborns check to see if they were healthy
Men
At 7, sent to military camps to be educated & to train for fighting
Strict Rules: silence, 1 piece of clothing, slept outdoors, measured weight
Expected to marry at 20 & Became hoplites
Left army at 60
Women
Had more freedom then other women in Greece
Had public schooling – read & write
Owned land
Loved sports such as wrestling & racing
Told men to come home w/ their shields
or on them

9. Section 3: Athens 750 BC – Set up an oligarchy
594 – Solon made plans to change gov.
Made constitution: set of principles & rules for ruling
Broke power of rich, established an assembly, offered citizenship, and trade
508 – Spartans overthrown by Cleisthenes
Created 1st democratic society

10. Democratic Constitution
Freedom of speech
Opened assembly
Council of Five Hundred
Handled daily business
Chosen by lot
Required to educate sons
At 18, took an oath of citizenship

11. Daily Life in Athens Young children would read Aesop’s fables
Youth were to develop artistic and intellectual talents
Men
Boys from wealthy families would go to school
Age 12: Phys. Ed. was most important
18 to 20: went to military training school
Clothing: wool tunics or himation
Hair: Short (young) & Long (old)
Did the shopping

12. Women Homes Only did physical activities at festivals No schooling
Clothing: long wool or linen tunics
Hair: Long but pulled up in bun or pony tail
Marriages were arranged
Confined to certain part of the house
Jobs: cook, weave, raise children
No social life w/ husband
Homes
Large, airy luxurious buildings made of mud brick

13. Persian Wars 545 B.C. – Persia conquered Ionia
Ionians w/help from mainland Greece revolted against the Persians
Persians won
Darius (Persian King) wanted to continue to punish the Greeks

14. Battle of Marathon 490 – Darius & Persians sailed to Marathon
They then decided to sail to Athens
Athenians decided to surprise attack the Persians
Ran down the hills of Marathon
Athenians defeated the Persians
Afraid that the Persians would still come to Athens after, Athenians sent Pheidippides to tell them: “Nike”

15. Battle of Thermopylae Athenians triremes built
Made strong navy
Xerxes (New King of Persia) brings his large army back to Northern Greece
Sparta & Athens teamed together
Met the Persians at the narrow pass

17. A Greek traitor helped the Persians through the mountain pass
For the first few days, the Greeks esp. the Spartans held off the Persians
While doing so, people of Athens were told to flee
A Greek traitor helped the Persians through the mountain pass
Persian were able to surround the Greeks
300 Spartans and 700 Greeks stayed to
fight to the bitter end
1 Spartan survived the war
Athens burned

18. Battle of Salamis Persians moved toward Athens
Greek army went to Salamis & waited for Persians
Themistocles tricked the Persians
Caused Persians to come through narrow pass
Difficult: Too many ships & large ships
Greeks destroyed Persians

20. Battle of Plataea Xerxes went back to Persia
½ his army stayed in N. Greece
They decided to go South
Greeks crushed the Persians

21. Delian League & Athenian Empire
Delian League: protective group head-quarted on the island of Delos
Most city-states joined – Sparta did not

23. Peloponnesian War
433 BC – Athens aligned themselves with Corinth a Sparta ally
Sparta accused Athens of aggression & threatened war
431 – War starts when Sparta allies attack Athens’ ally
1st Phase – 10 years of fighting
2nd Phase – Nicias – a truce of 6 years
3rd Phase – Athens lost attack on Sicily
Ended with a crushing defeat of Athens by Sparta
Sparta set up a King in Athens
Athens was never again as strong even though they would revolt and set up a democracy once again

24. Decline of City-States
Lost sense of community
Money issues
Harsh rule by the Spartans and then Thebes