1. International Telecommunication Union Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Satellite Communication for Dummies Reinhard.Scholl@itu.int Deputy to the Director Telecommunication Standards Bureau www.itu.int/ITU-T

2. 2 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Contents o The Market o The Standards o The Workshop

3. 3 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Satellite Physics o Geostationary satellites (36,000 km) Stay over a fixed point on the ground Advantage: “simple” Disadvantage: ½ sec for signal-round trip because satellite far away, signal is weak when it hits earth o LEO (low-earth-orbit) satellites Advantage: shorter delays Disadvantage: complex 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

4. 4 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Today’s Satellite Communication Services 1. Voice Trunking 2. Mobile telephony 3. Broadband Internet 4. Digital television 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

5. 5 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Historical Perspective o The old days: Communications satellite research & deployment: early ’60s Main instrument for transoceanic communications Monopolistic markets o Recent developments: Liberalization of satellite industry Privatization of treaty organizations Competition with other transport media: Fiber for voice/data o A single strand can carry more data than all existing satellites combined (acc. to Telegeography) Cable for TV-broadcasting 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

6. 6 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 LEOs’ Roller Coaster Ride o Early ’90s: LEOs reach for the stars mobile telephony: Iridium, Globalstar, ICO “Internet-in-the-sky”: Teledesic o End of ’90s: LEOs fall back to earth Bankruptcies (Ch 11) o Beginning 2000s: LEOs to relaunch more modestly 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

7. 7 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Risks of Satellite Industry o Long wait between design and profitability: Many satellites make money only after 10 years in orbit Need to build entire network before signing up the first customer o Manufacturers must lock down technology > 3 years before launch o Betting on a market up to 15 years in the future 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

8. 8 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 World Satellite Services Revenue 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop 10.6 5.2 15.6 5.7 18.3 6.1 22.5 7.2 31.5 7.7 39.2 44.4 7.8 7.2 1996 199819992000 20012002 in billion $ Subscription/retail services revenues Transponder leasing revenues (Source: Satellite Industry Association) est.

9. 9 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Where to Go? o Need for: differentiating products & services new markets competitive pricing o Provision of services to end-users Broadband bi-directional data (Internet) access Sharing of resources to reduce costs ?! Customized interfaces / APIs ?! 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

10. 10 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 What is Being Done in ITU-T? o High-level coordination activities: ICG-SAT: coordination between and within ITU-T and ITU-R activities o Mid- and low-level coordination: Mediacom2004 (ITU-T SG 16) IP Project (ITU-T SG 13) o Exploring opportunities for synergy with ITU-D o Important: specifications to take satellites into account 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

11. 11 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Possible Standardization Topics o Common service definition approach o Common service interfaces o Defined user premises equipment and interfaces o Resources for seamless interconnection across networks 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

12. 12 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Workshop Objectives o Examine business cases for satellite services o Identify standards to be developed which help satellite industry to make money o Increase awareness of ITU-T and ITU-R related studies o Coordinate with other SDOs and forums o Enhance studies on the possibility of use of satellites for bridging digital divide 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop

13. 13 Workshop on Satellites in IP and Multimedia - Geneva, 9-11 December 2002 Thank you to the Steering Committee … o Paolo Amadesi o Vladimir Androuchko o Fabio Bigi o Simao Campos o Greg Jones o Sastri Kota o Chae-Sub Lee o Yves Montfort 1. The Market 2. The Standards 3. The Workshop o Brian Moore o Mark Neibert o Tolga Ors o Pierre-Andre Probst o Reinhard Scholl o Georges Sebek o David Weinreich … + thank you to numerous ITU staff