1. Radiometric profiling of tropospheric temperature, humidity and cloud liquid presentation to the Specialist Meeting on Microwave Remote Sensing 5-9 Nov 01, Boulder, Colorado, USA by Randolph Ware 1,2, Fredrick Solheim 1 1 Radiometrics Corporation 2 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

2. Example radiometer, radiosonde and forecast temperature and humidity profiles Radiometric profiler accuracy Radiometer and radiosonde cloud liquid profile comparisons Radiometric profiler reliability Conclusions Outline

3. Radiometric profiler n Temperature and humidity sounding in clear and cloudy conditions n Liquid water sounding in one cloud layer n 12 microwave and 1 infrared channels n Solheim et al., Radio Science 33, 393-404, 1998 Lindenberg Germany

4. Radiometer temperature and humidity at Lindenberg 9-11 Feb 01. Arrows mark sonde launch times.

5. Radiosonde (solid) and radiometer (dashed) soundings at Lindenberg. Sonde and radiometer locations are ~200 m apart.

6. Radiometer (neural net and regression) accuracy compared to radiosondes [Gueldner and Spaenkuch, JAOT 18, 925-933, 2001].

7. More than 1 million hours in tropical to arctic conditions

8. MM5 forecast (left) and radiometer observations (right) at Boulder CO on 16 Feb 2001. Supercooled fog was observed after 11:30 UT but was not forecast. sonde Maximum liquid = 0.15 g/m 3 Maximum liquid = 0.30 g/m 3

9. Denver radiosonde (50-km SE of Boulder) showing fog consistent with radiometric observations but not forecast. Fog

10. Radiometer display showing temperature inversion and supercooled liquid during upslope (16 Feb 2001, 18:22 UT).

11. Forecast (left) and radiometer (right) T and V at Lamont, OK, 21-22 Mar 00. Hourly MM5 forecasts are based on 0 Z analysis.

12. Forecast (left) and radiometer (right) RH and cloud liquid at Lamont 21-22 Mar 00. Sonde launch times are marked by arrows.

13. Sonde and radiometer measurements during cloud liquid conditions at Lamont 21 Mar 00, 17:31 UT.

14. Sonde and radiometer measurements during conditions of no cloud liquid at Lamont 21 Mar 00, 23:30 UT.

15. Sonde (in situ along trajectory) and radiometer (zenith 5 o beamwidth) liquid profiles at Mt. Washington (1999). Best and worst cases from 24 comparisons are shown.

16. Mobile profiler for improved boundary layer dispersion and transport, fog, supercooled liquid (aircraft icing hazard), ceiling, visibility, and short term precipitation forecasting (K. Knupp, U. Alabama).

17. Conclusions n Radiometric profiling provides continuous temperature, humidity and cloud liquid profiles n Profiler accuracy demonstrated by statistical comparison with radiosondes n Reliability demonstrated in variety of locations n Observations of fog and cloud liquid profiles n Tropospheric profiling can improve local high resolution modeling and forecasting http://radiometrics.com