1. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE, CanWEA, DGW, EECA, GEO, IREQ, KWEA, NASA, NREL, NZWEA, OSEA, USDOE, Aerovironment, the Folkecenter, the Izaak Walton League, Microsoft, PG&E, the Minnesota Project, NRG Systems, SeaWest, SEI/REIO, the Sierra Club, and Zond Systems, and written for magazines in the USA, Canada, France, Denmark, and Germany.

2. Ontario Sustainable Energy Association An Association of Member Groups We Encourage Local Ownership We Help Build Renewable Power Co-ops We Support Community Power Wind Co-op Meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark ©Jen Larsen, KMoE

3. OOE Outline OSEA’s ARTs Campaign Wind Overview Community Wind Advanced Renewable Tariffs Impact on Farmers Philosophical Context Net Metering & Net Billing Market Mechanisms German Market Example Distributed Generation

4. OOE Outline The Tariffs Germany The Results Tariff Design Germany France Why Premium Prices How To Get There Sources of Information Wind Works

5. Coping with the Power Crisis By Increasing Renewables

6. Overview of Worldwide Wind Development

7. Colorado California Wind Energy Has Come of Age

8. Paul Gipe & Assoc. Montefalcone, Italy

9. Galicia, Spain

10. Why Wind? Reduces Use of Nuclear & Fossil Fuels Most Cost-Effective of New Renewables Relatively Benign

11. Wind Energy’s Benefits Clean & Green (Mostly) No SO x, NO x, or CO 2 Renewable Net Positive Energy Balance (4-6 months) Domestic: Not Subject to Embargo Does Not Consume Water Modular = Flexible

12. Wind Energy’s Impacts Aesthetics or Intrusiveness Scarring from Roads Shadow Flicker & Disco Effect Noise--They are Audible Wildlife Habitat Disruption Bird Kills: Collisions, Electrocutions

13. Why Now? Wind Works Greater Reliability Productivity Improved More Efficient Taller Towers Costs Declined Economies-of-Scale

15. 12.5 m, 40 kW 27 m, 225 kW

16. 40 m, 500 kW 80 m, 1.8 MW Kincardine, Ontario Northern Ireland

17. Wind is Flexible Scale Big or Small Projects Location Near or Far Time Short Lead Times Ownership Local or Absentee

18. Wind is Modular Quickly Installed When Needed As Needed Where Needed By Anyone Tehachapi, California

19. Local Wind Adds Resiliency to High Voltage System* Near Load Boosts HV System Small Projects Can be Sized to Load Less Losses Outages Small Easily Corrected *Amory & Hunter Lovins, Brittle Power, 1983. Port Albert, Ontario

25. Wind Growing Rapidly Germany 2,600 MW in 2003 20,000 MW by 2006 30,000 MW by 2012 Spain: 1,000 MW/yr France 14,000 MW Filed USA: 500-2,000 MW/yr Growth: 20%-40%/yr

28. Wind Works Jobs in the Wind Industry EuropeDirectIndirectTotal Germany7,50037,50045,000 Denmark8,6004,30013,000 Spain7,00015,00022,000 Total 80,000

29. Wind-Generating Capacity 2003 Where Ontario Stands

30. Era of Distributed Generation Here Now Resilient, Not Brittle Short Lead Times Near Load, Less Losses Opportunity for Many Fosters Energy Awareness Alberta, Canada Ontario, Canada

31. Alberta, Canada Montana, USA Distributed Wind Energy

32. Hohe Westerwald, Germany

33. Distributed Wind Energy Thy, Denmark

34. Distributed Wind Energy Ostfriesland, Germany

35. What is Community Power? Local Rooted in and Responsible to the Community Locally Owned Cooperative, First Nation, Farmer-Owned Commercial-Scale Generation Small Projects Making a Big Difference

36. Why Community Wind? More Power More Quickly More People Involved Locally More Money Locally More Jobs Locally

37. Increasing Acceptance #1 “Your Own Pigs Don’t Stink” Jutland, Denmark

38. Why Community Wind? Participation = Greater Acceptance Distributed = Greater Resiliency Clean & Green (Mostly) Human Scale Enables Local Ownership New Cash Crop For Farmers

39. Danish Co-ops (Vindmølleaug or Fællesmølle ) 1/4 Capacity Nationwide ~ $1.7CAD Billion 100,000 Households Own Shares 5% of Population Velling Mærsk-Tændpibe

40. German Co-ops (Bürgerbeteiligung) 1/3 Total Capacity ~$7CAD Billion 300,000 Own Shares 2/3 Schleswig-Holstein 4/5 Nordfriesland Amt Hooksiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

41. Sydthy Kabelaug Denmark 16 km of Buried Cable Direct to HV Network 26 x V27s (225 kW) ~1 Million kWh/unit Mostly Pig Farmers

42. Middelgrunden Co-op København 20 x 2 MW Off-shore 1/2 Owned by Co-op 1/2 Owned by Utility 8,500 Investors ~$1,000CAD per Share Visible from Folketing ©Bonus a/s

43. Paderborn Co-op Germany 4 Wind Plants 17 Companies 80 x 1.5 MW 110 MW $240CAD Million 780 ha (2,000 ac) All Companies Local All Pay Local Taxes Enercon E66

44. Wieringemeer Noord Holland 5 x 600 kW Co-owned 1/2 by Two Farmers 1/4 by Manufacturer 1/4 by Utility

45. Toronto WindShare First Urban Turbine in N.A. Co-Owned WindShare Co-op Toronto Hydro Prominent Location Highly Visible Highly Popular

46. So How Do We Get There? How Does Ontario Cope with the Power Crisis and Develop Community Wind? How Can Ontario Farmers Help

47. Ontario is a New Market Offers Great Promise Potentially Large Market Lure to Manufacturers Not Yet Too Late New Markets Grow Fast When Conditions are Right

48. Growth Quickens in New Markets “Take-Off” is Shorter Benefit from Experience Better Turbines Bigger Turbines 27 m, 225 kW 80 m, 1.8 MW

50. Elements of Success in Europe Right Price for Fixed Period Right of Interconnection By-Right Permitted Rural Use

51. What Has Worked in Europe What Works Advanced Renewable Tariffs (ARTs) What Has Not Worked Direct Subsidies & Tax Credits Quota or Bidding Systems Proof is in the Market ARTs Markets = Many Players Quota Markets = Few Players

52. Bidding or Quota Markets Heavy Administrative Burden Stop-Start/Boom-Bust e.g. Quebec 100 MW, then 0 Little Diversity No Room for Community Projects No Room for Farmer-Owned Projects Longer Lead Times Lengthy EAs Few or No Manufacturers

53. Advanced Renewable Tariffs Creates Dynamic Markets Ensures Price Stability Encourages Manufacturing Offers Opportunity to Many Players Farmers Communities Coops Wind Companies

54. Advanced Renewable Tariffs What Are They? Political Price, Not Political Quota Fixed Price/kWh for a Fixed Period How Do They Work? Simple & Comprehensible Little or No Administration Where? Germany, France, Spain, Austria, Netherlands, Portugal... Ontario?

55. Advanced Renewable Tariffs for Ontario Projects <10 MW 20 Year Fixed-Price Contract $0.10CAD/kWh Years 1-10: $0.10/kWh Years 10-20 High Productivity: $0.08CAD/kWh Low Productivity: $0.10CAD/kWh Streamlined Interconnection By-Right Permitted Use

56. Community Wind A Vision to Excite the Imagination 2,000 MW in 4 years? 4,000 MW in 6 years? 8,000 MW by 2012? 10% of Electrical Energy

57. Community Wind is About People

58. How Wind Can Benefit Ontario Farmers Royalties Lowest Risk Developer Bears Financial Risk Lowest Rewards % of Gross Revenue Ownership Risk Born Directly Wind Risk, Technology Risk, Political Risk All Profit Owned by Farmer

60. Potential per Farm Turbines Use Only ~5-10%! Potential to Double Farm Income For 1/2 of Ontario Farmers

61. Rural Ontario Economic Benefit 55,000 Farmers 1/2 Install One 1-MW Turbine 27,000 MW 1/3 of All Ontario Electricity $4 billion CAD/Year Total Turnover Money Stays Within Province Money Circulates Through Rural Economy Potentially Stimulating Rural Revival

62. Community Wind Technology for Life* *from N.F.S. Grundtvig For Today and for Tomorrow