1. 5.4.2 Diagnosis methods in medicine
Medical Imaging
G485 Fields, Particles, Frontiers of Physics
5.4.1 X-Rays
5.4.2 Diagnosis methods in medicine
5.4.3 Ultrasound
Ks5 OCR Physics H158/H558
Index
Mr Powell 2012

2. 5.4.2 Diagnosis methods in medicine
Assessable learning outcomes..
(a) describe the use of medical tracers like technetium-99m to diagnose the function of organs;
(b) describe the main components of a gamma camera;
(c) describe the principles of positron emission tomography (PET);
(d) outline the principles of magnetic resonance, with reference to precession of nuclei, Larmor frequency, resonance and relaxation times;
(e) describe the main components of an MRI scanner;
(f) outline the use of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to obtain diagnostic information about internal organs (HSW 3, 4c and 6a);
(g) describe the advantages and disadvantages of MRI (HSW 4c & 6a);
(h) describe the need for non-invasive techniques in diagnosis (HSW 6a);
(i) explain what is meant by the Doppler effect;
(j) explain qualitatively how the Doppler effect can be used to determine the speed of blood.

3. 5.4.2 Diagnosis Methods in Medicine TASK Sheet
a) describe the use of medical tracers like technetium-99m to diagnose the function of organs (use extra help sheet)
(b) describe the main components of a gamma camera; (Use exam question to practice)
(c) describe the principles of positron emission tomography (PET);
(f) outline the use of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to obtain diagnostic information about internal organs
(e) describe the main components of an MRI scanner; (make a flow chart)
(d) outline the principles of magnetic resonance, with reference to precession of nuclei, Larmor frequency, resonance and relaxation times (need to see diagram);
(h) describe the need for non-invasive techniques in diagnosis
(i) explain what is meant by the Doppler effect; (draw diagram and explain equation)
(g) describe the advantages and disadvantages of MRI (create comparison table then do Use exam question to practice)
(j) explain qualitatively how the Doppler effect can be used to determine the speed of blood. (Use exam question to practice)

4. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

5. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

6. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine
MRI
Detects hydrogen, and hence water, in cells
Strong magnetic field needed – obtainable by using superconducting magnet
Radiation causes oscillation in nucleus
Excited nuclei re-radiate signalling their positions
Detector picks up radiation emitted by nuclei

7. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

8. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

9. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

10. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

11. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine

12. Extension

13. Extension

14. 5.4.2 diagnostic methods in medicine