1. Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Foundations of American Education , 5th Edition

2. Chapter 2 Development of the Profession
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L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3. Teaching as a Profession
Is teaching a profession?
What is the professional model?
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Requirements of a Profession
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Specialized Knowledge and Preparation
a broad grounding in liberal arts and sciences
a knowledge of subjects to be taught, skills to be developed, and about curriculum and materials
a knowledge of general and subject-specific methods
a knowledge of students and human development
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Specialized Knowledge and Preparation (continued)
skills in teaching students from a variety of racial, ethnic, and socio-economic backgrounds
the skills, capacity, and disposition to use knowledge wisely in the interest of students
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Provision of Essential Services to Society
“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be.”
Thomas Jefferson, 1816
to Charles Yancey, as cited in Lipscomb, A. A., & Bergh, A. E. ( ). The writings of Thomas Jefferson. Memorial edition, Vol. 14, p Washington, D.C.: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8. The Exercise of Discretion
Teachers routinely exercise discretion and judgment in providing services to students in the classroom.
Teachers follow school policies and regulations, district curriculum guides, and state requirements.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Autonomy and Freedom From Direct Supervision
Teachers have a high degree of autonomy in day-to-day work.
Teachers function in the social setting of the school.
Parents and taxpayers have an interest in ensuring that teachers are responsible professionals.
Some degree of supervision of teachers is necessary.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Code of Professional Standards
Teachers are policed by public agencies.
Professional practice boards or commissions may:
take disciplinary action, following a review of any questionable professional conduct
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Professional Code of Ethics
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Increased Professionalization of Teaching
standards for teacher education preparation
state licensing requirements
entry-level examinations
professional certification programs
performance-based pay programs
career with opportunities for advancement
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Development of Professional Standards
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

14. National Board Certification
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS)
Individualized portfolio
assesses knowledge
demonstrates skills
shows professional judgment
Professional and financial incentives
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

15. National Board Certification (continued)
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16. Professional Development
state professional development activities
professional organizations
conferences
focused workshops
action research projects
staff development
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

17. Professional Development (continued)
mentoring programs
self-renewal
sabbaticals for advanced study
periodic change of school or teaching assignment
attendance at workshops or conferences
visitation programs
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

18. Career Advancement Career ladders performance-based ladders
job-enlargement ladders
professional development ladders
probationary or apprentice teacher
professional teacher
senior teacher
master teacher
Teacher-leaders
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

19. Evaluating Teacher Performance
Types of teacher evaluation
Summative
designed to assess end-of-activity behaviors and overall performance
Formative
ongoing; intended to provide continuing feedback
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

20. Teachers’ Organizations
national teachers’ organizations
state organizations for teachers
local organizations for teachers
subject-matter organizations for teachers
teachers’ organizations and public policy issues
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.