1. Chapter 10: Risk Management and Property/Liability Insurance

2. Objectives
Define risk and apply the risk-management process to personal financial affairs.
Define insurance terminology and explain the relationship between risk and insurance.

3. Objectives
Design a homeowner’s insurance program to meet your needs and keep the cost of the plan to a minimum.
Design an automobile insurance program to meet your needs and keep the cost of the plan to a minimum.

4. Objectives
Describe property and liability insurance policies designed to meet needs other than those related to housing and automobiles.
Outline the steps to make a claim against a property or liability insurance policy.

5. Risk Management CONSIDER…
A plan to protect accumulated resources and assets from the possibility of financial loss.

6. Coverage and Type of Risk
Pure Risk
Insurable
Accidental, unintentional
Always results in a loss
Can be personal, property or liability risk.
Speculative Risk
Loss or gain possible
Uninsurable
Such as investing in stocks or gambling

7. Risk Avoidance Risk Shifting Risk Assumption Risk Reduction
Ways to Manage Risk

8. Risk and Risk Management
Gather information
Evaluate risk and potential losses
Choose mechanisms
Administer program
Evaluate and adjust
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS:

9. Decision Making Matrix

10. Risk and Risk Management
CHOOSE MECHANISMS:
Risk avoidance
Risk retention
Loss control
Transferring risk
Risk reduction

11. What is Insurance?
Insurance is strange. It's a product that most consumers buy, but few want to use. And many people find insurance confusing. It's unlike any other consumer product on the market. You can't see it, touch it, smell it, hear it or taste it. But without it, the world would be a much different place.
Just think about it. Would you casually drive to the grocery store knowing that everything you ever worked for could be at risk if you were involved in an accident? How much would you be willing to spend on a home without insurance to cover it? Who would dare start a new business without the safety net of insurance? Insurance allows people to take risks, make investments, protect their hard-earned assets and provides peace of mind.
Insurance and other risk management techniques have been around in some form for thousands of years. Insurance has its roots in ancient China. Shipping merchants in 2500 B.C. were the first to introduce a concept vital to the role and purpose of insurance -- spreading the risk of loss from the individual to a group of individuals. Before sailing through dangerous waters, merchants gathered and divided their goods so that each boat carried some of the contents of the others. That way no one merchant shouldered the risk alone, protecting themselves from a potential total loss of goods.
Today's insurance business still bases its practices on this simple concept of spreading risk.
Through a wide array of products and services, insurance companies provide citizens and businesses with the economic security necessary to survive the unpredictable and sometimes devastating events of modern everyday life.
                                              The Insurance Institute of America defines insurance as three things. First, insurance is a transfer technique whereby the insured transfers the risk of financial loss to another party, the insurance company or insurer. Second, it is a contract between the policyholder and the insurer that states what financial consequences of loss are transferred and expresses the insurer's promise to pay for those consequences. Third, insurance is a business and, as such, needs to be conducted in a way that earns a reasonable profit for its owners.
The money a policyholder pays an insurer is small compared to the potential for loss. If a family's house were to burn down, they probably could not afford to replace it without insurance. The insurance system enables someone to transfer the financial consequences of this loss to an insurance company.
The insurance company, in turn, pays for covered losses and distributes the costs among all of its policyholders. In that way, your fellow policyholders share the cost of your loss, as you share in theirs.                                              

12. What is Insurance? (cont.)
                                              Private companies and state and federal governments provide insurance.
There are three major types of private property/casualty insurers: mutual, stock and reciprocal exchanges. The primary difference among these types of insurers is in who owns them.
A stock company is a corporation owned by individuals or stockholders who contribute capital in the hope of earning a profit through the sale of insurance. The stockholders direct the company's operations and share in any profits earned.
A mutual insurance company is a corporation owned by its policyholders, who may receive dividends if the firm is profitable.
A reciprocal insurance exchange is similar to a mutual company in that the policyholders are both the insurers and the insured. The exchange is a collection of individuals, firms and/or corporations that exchange insurance coverage on one another. Each member pays for a portion of the coverage on every other member.
                                              One of the most critical decisions any consumer must make when purchasing a product or service is how they will purchase the product. When buying insurance, consumers have several choices. They can work with an independent agent, an exclusive agent, an insurance broker or deal directly with a company.
An independent insurance agent is a self-employed businessperson who typically represents a number of different insurance companies through contractual relationships and is paid on a commission basis.
An exclusive agent represents only one insurance company and may be a salaried employee or work on a commission basis.
An insurance broker is an intermediary between a customer and an insurance company. A broker typically searches the market for coverage appropriate to their clients' needs.
While purchasing insurance through an independent or exclusive agent are the most popular methods of buying insurance, consumers also have the option of direct purchase. A number of companies sell their insurance products directly to customers through the use of a toll-free telephone service or the Internet.

13. What is Insurance?
HAZARDS:
Physical
Morale
Moral

14. What is Insurance?
FINANCIAL LOSS:
Fortuitous
Financial
Personal

15. What is Insurance? Insurable interest Principle of indemnity
Factors that affect cost
Deductibles
Co-insurance

16. Reimbursement Formula

17. What is Insurance?
Types of insurers
Stock
Mutual
Essence of insurance

18. Homeowner’s Insurance
Coverages
Property
Liability
Types
Buying

19. Homeowner’s Insurance
Dwelling coverage
Personal property coverage
Liability losses
Homeowner’s insurance pricing
BUYING:

20. Types of Home Insurance Policies
Basic form (HO-1)
Broad form (HO-2)
Special form (HO-3)
Tenant’s form (HO-4)
Comprehensive form HO-5)
Condominium form (HO-6)
Country home form (HO-7)
Modified coverage form (HO-8)

21. How Much Coverage Do You Need?
Look for a policy with full coverage rather than a coinsurance clause
What would it cost to replace your home?
Have sufficient liability coverage
Include protection for specific items such as collections, cameras, and jewelry
Determine the value of the contents of your home

22. Items Covered in a Renter’s Policy
Personal property
Personal liability
Additional living expenses
A landlord’s insurance usually won’t cover your personal belongings! Only 40% of renters have renter’s Insurance

23. Replacement Cost vs. Actual Cash Value
Actual cash value coverage
Insurer will cover the cost of what the burned or stolen item would cost at a garage sale or if you sold it through a newspaper ad.
Replacement cost coverage
Insurer will cover what ever it costs you to replace the burned or stolen item with a new one.

24. Actual Cash Value Reimbursement Calculation

25. Value of a Home Inventory
Proof of belongings and their value
Helps you remember
Helps you determine needed coverage

26. What Affects the Cost of Homeowner’s or Renter’s Policies?
Location of home or apartment
Type and age of the structure
Amount of coverage and deductibles
Discounts - alarm system, smoke detector
Varies company to company - compare
If you also insure your car with the same company

27. Automobile Insurance Financial responsibility law 40 states have one
Utah limits are 25/50/15
Requires you to carry certain minimum coverage if you damage someone’s person or property

28. Automobile Insurance LOSSES COVERED: Liability Medical
Uninsured/underinsured
Physical damage
Other
LOSSES COVERED:

29. Auto Liability Coverage
property damage
liability
bodily injury liability

30. Auto Insurance Coverages
Bodily injury coverages
Bodily injury liability - covers people in other cars
Medical payments - covers people in your car

31. Auto Insurance Coverages
(continued)
Uninsured motorist
Your vehicle is hit by one of the many people who don’t have car insurance
Underinsured motorist
Your car is hit by a person who doesn’t have enough insurance to cover the damage they did to you and your car

32. Property Damage Liability Coverage
Covers damage to others person’s car when you are at fault
during a snow storm you might accidentally slide your vehicle into a neighbor’s mailbox    

33. Collision Coverage
When your car is in an accident, collision insurance pays for damage to your automobile, regardless of who is at fault. However, if you are not at fault they will try and collect from the other driver’s property damage liability first.

34. Comprehensive Physical Damage
Covers damage to your car that is not caused by a collision, such as
theft
vandalism
glass breakage
hail, sand, or wind storm
your car rolls downhill into a tree

35. No-Fault Insurance
Each driver collects from their own insurance company
medical expenses
lost wages
related injury costs
Intent is to reduce time and costs
No-fault systems vary from state to state

36. Auto Insurance Premium Factors
Automobile type
year, make and model
Rating territory
accident, theft, and vandalism rates
Driver classification
age, sex, marital status
driving record
Assigned risk pool

37. Other Property/Liability Loss Exposures
Floater policies
Antique/specialty cars
Professional liability
Comprehensive personal liability
Umbrella liability

38. To Lower Your Auto Premium
Find out how much it will cost to insure a car before you buy it
Compare companies
Have larger deductibles
Look for discounts
non-smoker
good driving record
airbags
car alarm or other security

39. Umbrella Policy $1,000,000 in liability coverage
Covers you in your home, car, office etc.

40. Collecting on Property/Liability Losses
Document loss
File claim
Sign release

41. Make Sense of an Insurance Policy
Perils covered
Property covered
Types of losses
People covered
Locations covered
Time period of coverage
Loss control
Amount of coverage

42. Save on Property or Liability Insurance
Shop around
Select appropriate coverages/limits
Assume affordable risk
Take advantage of discounts
Engage in loss control
Be properly classified