2. From the New Deal to the Great Society

3. School & Society Remember Mann: schools could solve social problems Advocates of voc ed—schools key to solutions Now, question schools’ capacity – New Deal directly addressed problems – Great Society focused on schools

4. Before Great Depression 1870s-1920s Class conflict & economic crises – declining wages – Increasing unemployment Attempts to regulate corporations and banks

5. The Great Depression Stock market crash 1929 Massive unemployment Homelessness Hunger Bank failures

6. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Election

7. The New Deal Relief Recovery Reform

8. What Programs Did Jobs Cash Food Housing

9. “…Government hired about 60 per cent of the unemployed in public works and conservation projects planted a billion trees, saved the whooping crane, modernized rural America, and built such diverse projects as the Cathedral of Learning in Pittsburgh, the Montana state capitol, much of the Chicago lakefront, New York’s Lincoln Tunnel and Triborough Bridge complex, the Tennessee Valley Authority and the aircraft carriers Enterprise and Yorktown. It also built or renovated 2,500 hospitals, 45,000 schools, 13,000 parks and playgrounds, 7,800 bridges, 700,000 miles of roads, and a thousand airfields. And it employed 50,000 teachers, rebuilt the country’s entire rural school system, and hired 3,000 writers, musicians, sculptors and painters, including Willem de Kooning and Jackson Pollock.” Marshall Auerbach, cited in James K. Galbraith, No Return to Normal, The Washington Monthly, (March 9th 2009)No Return to Normal

10. George Washington Middle School

11. Built Modern Middle Class Social Security Home Mortgages Employment Unions (Wagner Act) GI Bill

12. Whites Only Blacks excluded from many programs Southern Senators E.g., of 3200 VA loans in MS, two went to Blacks Growing gap between Blacks & whites (New Deal helped many Blacks, but not as much as it did whites.)

13. Role of Women Women in high government positions – Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins – Mary McLeod Bethune, Director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration Mary McLeod Bethune

14. The Great Society End poverty Secure Racial Equality

15. Lyndon Johnson’s Election

16. Great Society v. New Deal Far less intervention in labor market Focus on Education – Elementary and Secondary Education Act

17. Why the Shift in Policy Declining power of Unions Employer-provided benefits Brown v. Board of Education