1. Center for Management Development 1 Introduction to Electronic Commerce TERMS Dr. Scudder

2. Center for Management Development 2 Index 1 ANSI Application Anonymous FTP Application Acknowledgement ASCII ATM Authentication Backbone Bandwidth Barcode Bit Broadband Browser Bulletin Board Cad/Cam Commerce Convergence Cross post Critical Mass Cyber Space Defacto Standard Digital Cash Digital Signature E-Commerce E-mail Edifact EDI Electronic Form EFT Electronic Publishing Electronic Purse Encryption FAQ FTP Filter Finger Firewall Flame GO to Next Index Page

3. Center for Management Development 3 GIF HTML Hypertext HTTP Information Superhighway Internet ISP Interoperability IP Address JIT List Serv LAN Mail bomb Mail box Map Micropayment MIME Multimedia Network Newbie Non-repudiation Point-to-point Point-to-multipoint PGP Product code Protocol Proxy server PSTN Public Domain Quick Response Remote Access Remote Host Slip Server SMTP Smart Card Snail Mail Spamming Stand Alone TCP/IP Telnet Index 2

4. Center for Management Development 4 Text File Trading Partner Transmission Trojan Horse URL UPC VAN User Friendly Uuencode Value Added Network Web Page Web Server Web Site World Wide Web Protocols Http TCP/IP FTP POP IMAP Go Back to Previous Index Index 3

5. Center for Management Development 5 Commerce Defined –Activity embracing all forms of the purchase and sale of goods and services Collins English Dictionary

6. Center for Management Development 6 Electronic Commerce Includes business functions other than just purchase of goods and services, i.e. –ATO Electronic Lodgement Service –CHESS Australian Stock Exchange –ASC Electronic Document Lodgement –NSW Tax line - Stamp duty

7. Center for Management Development 7 Electronic Commerce Is not about the technology itself It is about business and how businesses use the available technology and applications to meet their business needs incl. –Improving effectiveness, efficiency, flexibility and capacity to adapt to changing conditions

8. Center for Management Development 8 Electronic Commerce Technologies Processor technologies Networking technologies Data capture technologies Storage technologies Display technologies Printing technologies

9. Center for Management Development 9 Electronic Commerce Applications Email EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Smart cards EFTPOS Electronic catalogues Electronic directories

10. Center for Management Development 10 EC Terminology New technology terms developed on an on- going basis A selection of electronic commerce terms

11. Center for Management Development 11 ANSI (American National Standards Institute) –administer a wide variety of standards in the US including the ASCX12 EDI standard) Application –a software program that performs a useful task of tasks on a computer system

12. Center for Management Development 12 Anonymous FTP –an Internet tool that enables anonymous access to a remote computer system Application Acknowledgment –an EDI transaction set used for the automatic acknowledgment of another transaction sent e.g. a purchase order

13. Center for Management Development 13 ASCII –American Standard Code for Information Exchange –an 8 bit code to represent 256 characters of the English alphabet, foreign language characters, numbers, punctuation and selected symbols

14. Center for Management Development 14 ATM –Asynchronous Transfer Mode –a technology that permits the sharing of transmission facilities between different data types, i.e. voice, data and video by carrying the data in small fixed-sized cells (56 byte)

15. Center for Management Development 15 Authentication –method of ensuring that the party accessing a computer system is actually the party they are claiming to be Backbone –a network that connects other networks and allows them to send data to one another

16. Center for Management Development 16 Bandwidth –the amount of data that can be transmitted over a circuit or network measured in bits per second Bar code –printed bars and spaces that represent alpha-numeric characters that enables data to be captured automatically into computer systems

17. Center for Management Development 17 Bit –the smallest unit of information, i.e. a binary digit equal to either a zero or one Broadband –any transmission system that combines multiple signals on one circuit i.e. a cable which can support video, voice and text simultaneously

18. Center for Management Development 18 Browser –a program that locates and displays HTML documents e.g. Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mosaic, Opera, etc. Bulletin Board (BBS) –a computer system that provides subscribers with news and information on particular topics and usually allows posting of public and private messages by subscribers

19. Center for Management Development 19 CAD/CAM –computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing Client –any computer or application that requests services or information from another computer or application

20. Center for Management Development 20 Convergence –refers to the moving together of the various communications, information and entertainment industries to a common interactive broadband media Crosspost –where the same message is posted to multiple newsgroups

21. Center for Management Development 21 Critical mass –a technology derives its value from the extent that its use is universal amongst potential users. Critical mass is the point where the number of users of the technology is such that its use is considered to be universal

22. Center for Management Development 22 Cyberspace –a term used to describe all computers and forms of electronic communication as an environment that users can enter and experience e.g. over the Internet De facto standard –a standard that is widely used by many users and software developers without having been created or approved by an official standards body

23. Center for Management Development 23 Digital cash –funds which are held in an on-line account which can be electronically transferred between two parties Digital signature –a method of ensuring that a message was actually sent by a person claiming to send it

24. Center for Management Development 24 Email –the deliver of text messages and attachments over a network from on computer to another, generally messages created by a human and intended for one or more people EDIFACT –Electronic Data Interchange for Administration Trade and Transport –UN sponsored global EDI standards

25. Center for Management Development 25 Electronic Commerce –the conduct of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) –the computer application to computer application exchange of business data between organisations in a structured and standardised format

26. Center for Management Development 26 Electronic form (eform) –an electronic form displayed on a computer screen for completion by the user Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) –the electronic transfer of funds between bank accounts of business partners Electronic publishing –the electronic distribution of newsletters, journals, white papers, research reports etc.

27. Center for Management Development 27 Electronic purse –a card with stored value that can be loaded with digital cash at banks or from electronic wallets and spent using point- of-sale devices Encryption –the disguising of a message to obscure its meaning

28. Center for Management Development 28 FAQ –a list of frequently asked questions about a topic with answers FTP (File transfer protocol) –a tool which allows users to transfer files from remote hosts to their computer Filter –a utility that disposes of unwanted input according to pre-defined specifications

29. Center for Management Development 29 Finger –a tool that allows a user to obtain a list of all users currently logged on to a specific host Firewall –a computer system, router or pair of routers between the Internet and a private network to prevent unauthorised users from accessing the private network

30. Center for Management Development 30 Flame –an angry or often insulting message GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) –a file format that supports the transmission of graphics files HTML –HyperText Mark-up Language –the document language used for creating WWW pages

31. Center for Management Development 31 HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HyperText (or hot links) –links to other sections of the same document or other documents over the WWW Information Superhighway –the global information infrastructure, including the Internet, PSTN (public switched telephone network), the cable network etc.

32. Center for Management Development 32 Internet –a global network of Interconnected computer networks Internet Service Provider (ISP) –provides connections to the Internet

33. Center for Management Development 33 Interoperability –the ability to integrate products from different vendors into functional systems without developing custom software, hardware or tools, and without using gateways between the products IP address –a 32 bit number that uniquely identifies the connection between the Internet and each host computer or IP router

34. Center for Management Development 34 Just-in-time –a process designed to minimise the amount of inventory held and requires the delivery of goods from suppliers just-in-time when they are needed. Used in the supply of goods for manufacturing and in the retail sector when usage or sale can be programmed. LAN –local area network- a network typically found in a limited geographic area or devoted to a specific department or organization.

35. Center for Management Development 35 Listserv –a mailing list that automatically distributes messages sent to it Mail bomb –filling other Internet users email box with unwanted messages

36. Center for Management Development 36 Mailbox –a logical storage area for incoming email messages which await a specified user Map –Translation from one format to another. In EDI, the translation of EDI data from one EDI format to another or between an EDI format and the format of another system

37. Center for Management Development 37 Micropayment –a very small payment (fraction of a cent) MIME –multi-purpose Internet mail extension –a standard for sending multimedia non- ASCII messages over the Internet

38. Center for Management Development 38 Multimedia –documents that combine multiple data types, e.g. text, graphics, scanned images, audio and video Network –the hardware and software that permits multiple computers to communicate with each other

39. Center for Management Development 39 Newbie –a new Internet user Non-repudiation –assurance to either party in an electronic transaction that the other cannot later deny having agreed to or sent the transaction. The assurance is generally provided by means of a digital signature

40. Center for Management Development 40 Point to point –a mode of communication in which two parties communicate with each other, e.g. telephone calls Point to multipoint –a mode of communication in which one party communicates with many

41. Center for Management Development 41 PGP –pretty good privacy –an encryption program freely distributed on the Internet for assuring privacy of email messages Product code –an alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies a product

42. Center for Management Development 42 Protocol –a description of rules and guidelines that determine how computers and other devices on a network communicate with each other Proxy server –a server which relays requests for service on behalf of clients. It may also provide a firewall security between the Internet and a private network by examining the content of packets before forwarding them

43. Center for Management Development 43 PSTN –public switched telephone network Public domain –a program or document not protected by copyright, patents or trade secrets that may be copied, modified or resold, for any purpose without any obligation to the originator

44. Center for Management Development 44 Quick response (QR) –a strategy to improve response to customer demand by using various technologies to share point-of-sale information between retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers and suppliers Remote access –dial-up access to a network or computer system

45. Center for Management Development 45 Remote host –a host (computer) accessed over a network using telnet, FTP, or some other client application Slip –a standard for TCP/IP point-to-point connections over serial lines

46. Center for Management Development 46 Server –a computer or software program that provides services to clients over a network upon request SMTP –the worldwide de-facto electronic messaging standard. Whilst it facilitates mail between the Internet and other networks, it is limited to ASCII characters

47. Center for Management Development 47 Smart card –a credit card sized device implanted with either computer memory chips or computer processors Snail mail –mail delivered by the traditional postal service

48. Center for Management Development 48 Spamming –the mass distribution of unwanted information (usually commercial) to Internet users and newsgroups Stand-alone –an adjective used to describe a computer system that completely performs its function without the need to connect to another computer system

49. Center for Management Development 49 TCP/IP –transmission control protocol/Internet protocol Telnet –the standard Internet Terminal emulation protocol that permits clients to log-on to remote computers

50. Center for Management Development 50 Text file –a file that only contains ASCII characters which can be read on a screen by a human Trading partner –any company or organisation that regularly transacts business

51. Center for Management Development 51 Transmission –the transfer of information from one location to another by electronic, electromagnetic or optical means Trojan horse –a seemingly benign computer program which contains software designed to disrupt the computer it runs on and possible destroy data

52. Center for Management Development 52 URL (uniform resource locator) –a standardised method of identifying any document or resource on the Internet e.g. http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/ UPC (universal product code) –a numeric code for retail goods that identifies a particular product (6 digits to identify the manufacturer and 6 digits assigned by the manufacturer to uniquely identify the product) VAN Value Added Network – Network provider of business services such as EDI

53. Center for Management Development 53 User-friendly –easily used by a user, particularly one who is not familiar with the application or with computers and software in general Uuencode –a Unix program that encodes a binary file into ASCII so that it can be transmitted over Internet mail. The recipient uses the uudecode program to decode the file

54. Center for Management Development 54 Value Added Network (VAN) –a network that offers special services such as protocol conversion and data store and forward Web page –text and graphics sent to a web browser by a web server which may or may not fill more than one computer screen but all of which can be viewed by scrolling

55. Center for Management Development 55 Web server –a server supporting one or more web sites which supplies web pages to web browsers upon request Web site –one or more interlinked web pages controlled by a single organisation and linked to a single home page

56. Center for Management Development 56 World Wide Web (WWW) –a set of Internet servers that provide hypertext services to clients running WWW browsers

57. Center for Management Development 57 Sample Protocols –HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol –TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol –FTP – File Transfer Protocol –POP – Post Office Protocol –IMAP –Internet Mail Access Protocol