1. S trengthening Families Program An evidence-based, family skills training program that has been found in research to significantly reduce problem behaviors in children, improve school performance, and reduce delinquency and alcohol and drug use in youth.

2. Strengthening Families Program DEVELOPED BY Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Professor Dept of Health Promotion and Education University of Utah 1901 East South Campus Drive, Room 2142 Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Phone (801) 581-7718

3. LutraGroup Henry O. Whiteside, Ph.D. Managing Partner, LutraGroup 5215 Pioneer Fork Road Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1678 Phone 801.583.4601 Fax 801.583.7979 hwhiteside@lutragroup.com

4. Ceceilia Tso NAVAJO American Indian Trainer of Trainers 801.577.2668 ctso2001@yahoo.com Strengthening Families Program TRAINER OF GROUP LEADERS

5. SFP: An Evidence-based Practice  NIDA Red Book  OJJDP Strengthening America’s Families  CSAP Model Program  CMHS Model Program  ONDCP Model Program  International Cochrane Collaboration (Foxcroft, et al, 2003)

6. Strengthening Families Program NIDA (1982-1986) research and 15 SFP replications found positive results: Improved parenting knowledge & skills Improved family relationships Improved children’s social skills and behavior

7. SFP: Important Points  SFP is three skills courses: Parenting, Children’s, & Family Skills.  SFP skills are for all families; they are not special skills for deficient families.  SFP does make learning “Life Skills” easier for high-stress families.  SFP: a “family” is one or more adults with long-term responsibility for one or more children; a “parent” has that responsibility.

8. Family Life Risk Factors  Family conflict  Lack of love, care and support  Weak, severe or inconsistent discipline  Lack of family traditions, rituals, ceremonies  Low expectations for school success  Poor family management  Lack of communication  Sexual, physical or emotional abuse

9.  Genetically Inherited Risks  Difficult Temperament  Rapid Tempo  Autonomic Hyperactivity  Lower Verbal IQ  Rapid Metabolism of Alcohol  Fetal Alcohol & Drug Syndrome Biological Risk Factors

10. What is Resiliency? Why does one child in a family or one family in a community do well despite adversity?  Resilient youth do well despite family and personal problems or set-backs.  Resilient youth learn from failures and bounce-back.  Resilient youth are capable of positive change after life stress.

11. Seven Resiliency Characteristics  Caring and Empathetic “Respect”  Wise and Insightful “Wisdom”  Happy, Optimistic “Balance”  Intelligent and Competent “Clever”  High Self-esteem “Walking Tall”  Direction, Mission or Purpose in Life “Right Path”  Determination and Perseverance “Hard Worker”

12. SFP Teaches Resiliency Skills  Speaking and Listening  Planning & Organizing (family meetings)  Problem Solving  Peer Resistance  Restoring Self-Esteem  Identifying Feelings, Taking Criticism  Managing Feelings, Coping with Anger

13. SFP Development and History 1 st research-based family program for substance abusing parents and their children 1982-1984 Developed on NIDA grant for elementary school-aged children, ages 6-11 1994 Adapted for universal families with children ages 10-14 2004 Adapted for at-risk families with children ages 12-16 2006Adapted for at-risk families with children ages 3-5 Proven effective with universal and at-risk

14. SFP Cultural Adaptations  African-American, rural and urban  Spanish language translation  Pacific Islander version  Canadian version  Australian version  American Indian versions  Swedish, English, Dutch, Spanish versions Similar results for culturally adapted versions, but 40% better recruitment and retention

15. SFP in Indian Country Feb 2008Mashentucket Pequot Tribe – Hartford, CT Sept 2007Manitoulin Island, Canada July 2007Sioux Tribe, Sioux City, Iowa May 2007 First Nations (3), British Columbia Mar 2007Pojoaque Pueblo - Santa Fe, NM Mar 2007 Hoonah Tribe, Hoonah, Alaska Mar 2007Mashentucket Pequot Tribe – Hartford, CT Feb 2007Utah American Indian Tribes (IWIC) SLC UT July 2006Sechelt Indian Reservation– British Columbia Apr 2006Flathead Reservation—Polson, MT Mar 2006 Mashentucket Pequot Tribe – Hartford, CT Mar 2006Chippewa-Lac du Flambeau, WI Feb 2006Coeur du Lain, Idaho Dec 2005Wind River Tribe, Wind River Reservation, ID Nov 2005Santee Sioux – Santee Sioux Tribe, Nebraska Apr 2005NICWA Conference - Albuquerque, NM Apr 2005Lil Wat Tribe –Whistler, B.C. Feb 2005Southern Ute Indian Tribe - Ignacio, CO Oct 2004Acoma Pueblo - Acoma, NM Oct 2004Navajo Nation/IHS - Shiprock, NM Sept 2004Shoshone-Bannock - Fort Hall, ID May 2004Raindancer Youth Services - St. George, UT Feb 2004Tohono O’Odhom Tribe - Tucson, AZ

16. Research on SFP in Indian Country Five Feathers SFP in Ft. Hall Shoshone-Bannock (CSAP) (Dr. Collette Evans) Strengthening Ojibwa Families (Dr. Les Whitbeck & June Smith, 2000) Big Lake Project, Indian Walk-In Center, Salt Lake City, CSAP Raindancer Youth Services (CSAT) Utah and New Mexico First Nations, British Columbia

17. Canadian First Nations Study Family Outcomes (Smith, 2004) Parental Involvement Positive Parenting Family Cohesion Family Conflict

18. SFP in Practice  SFP: 3 Life Skills Courses: Parents, Children’s & Family Skills  All three are taught together, typically over 14 weeks  Courses can be “unbundled,” but are most effective when taught together

19. SFP Typical Class Session FAMILY STYLE MEAL 1 Hour Simultaneously + 1 Hour CHILD GROUP PARENT GROUP FAMILY GROUP

20. A Typical Weekly Session  Dinner - families sit together, with other families & Group Leaders  1st Class Hour: Parents’ Group and Children’s Group  2nd Class Hour: families rejoin & divide into two Family Groups  Baby-sitting: for children under 6; children 11+ trained, paid as aides

21. Staffing Requirements  4 Group Leaders: 2 for Parent Group, 2 for Children’s Group  Top Qualifications for Leaders:  sincere desire to help families learn SFP  personal skills: one-to-one & group  understanding why and how SFP works  Group Leaders: mix salaried and hourly contracted staff to balance teams to include men & women, ethnicities.

22. SFP Course Materials  3 Group Leader Manuals: Parent’s, Children’s & Family Groups - including complete lessons for all classes  2 Handbooks or Handouts: Parent’s and Children’s - worksheets, lessons  1 Implementation Manual: - including outcome, process & fidelity checks  Handbooks are included, chapter by chapter, in Group Leader Manuals

23. SFP Parent Results Across Five Multicultural Studies (Kumpfer, Alvarado, Smith, & Bellamy, 2002) ↑ Increased Parenting Efficacy ↑ Increased Parenting Skills ↑ Increased Communication ↓ Decreased Stress ↓ Decreased Depression ↓ Decreased Substance Use

24. SFP Results: Child ↓ Decreased depression ↓ Decreased conduct disorders ↓ Decreased aggression ↓ Decreased tobacco, alcohol, drug use ↑ Increased cooperation ↑ Increased number of pro-social friends ↑ Increased social competencies ↑ Increased school grades

25. How to Contact Us American Indian Strengthening Families Program Ceceilia Tso, Navajo ctso2001@yahoo.com Strengthening Families Program Karol Kumpfer, PhD karol.kumpfer@health.utah.edu LutraGroup Henry Whiteside, PhD hwhiteside@lutragroup.com

26. Thank You