1. Bellwork Write these objectives in your notebook:
SWBAT explain hemostasis
SWBAT define antigen, antibody, and explain how this relates to blood types

2. Hemostasis and Blood Types

3. hemostasis Stoppage of blood flow when a blood vessel breaks
Three phases:
Platelet plug formation: platelets become sticky and pile up to form a “plug”
Vascular spasms: narrow blood vessel to decrease blood loss
Coagulation: basis of a clot

4. Blood clotting Usually clots within 3-6 minutes
Clot stays until tissue regenerates

5. Bad clotting Can be deadly if it happens in heart or brain Thrombus
Clot inside blood vessel
Embolus
A thrombus that breaks away and floats in blood stream

6. Blood loss
When you lose blood, your body usually compensates by making more
Losing 15-30% of total blood will make you pale and weak
Losing 30%+ can cause shock and be fatal

7. Treating blood loss May require a blood transfusion
Blood collected from a donor, and mixed with anticoagulant (prevents clotting)
If refrigerated, can be stored up to 35 days

8. Antigens & antibodies Antigen: protein within plasma membrane of RBC
Your body thinks its foreign, and releases antibodies as a defense
Antibody:
Substances produced by body to provide immunity against antigen

9. Antigens & antibodies
When antibodies bind to antigens, the cells clump together – agglutination
Clumps clog vessels, depriving tissues of oxygen
Foreign RBCs rupture, freeing hemoglobin which may block tubules in kidney and cause kidney failure

10. Blood groups Over 30 common RBC antigens
ABO and Rh groups cause the most severe transfusion reactions
Blood groups are based on which antigens a person has

11. ABO Blood groups

12. Rh Most Americans are Rh+ (carry Rh antigen on RBCs)
If a Rh- person is given Rh+ blood, immune system will start producing antibodies
Eventually RBCs will rupture

13. O- AB+ Donors Universal Donor: (who can donate to ANYBODY)
Universal recipient: (who can receive from ANYBODY)
AB+

14. Testing for blood group
In the lab:
Mix a sample of the patient’s blood with 2 serums: antibody-A and antibody-B to determine blood type
Crossmatch:
Sample of patients blood with serum from donor
Sample of donor blood with patient serum