1. Physical Activity Across the Lifespan Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC Michele Shaw, PhD, RN

2. Objectives o Describe physical activity levels across the lifespan and across the globe o Discuss types of physical activity o Discuss health benefits of physical activity

3. Importance of Changing Health Behaviors o Shift from infectious disease to chronic and/or degenerative illnesses emphasizes the need for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention o Healthy behaviors lead to: – Increased longevity – Reduced disability rates – Better mental health and cognitive function – Lower healthcare costs

4. Definition and Significance o Physical activity: – Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. – Lack of physical activity is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, and overall is estimated to cause 1.9 million deaths globally. o Source: WHO: Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health

5. Physical Inactivity: A Global Public Health Problem

6. Why are people inactive? cai.blogware.com/_photos/Smog.jpg http://www.wcc- coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/pictures/mumbai1- low.gif

7. Physical Activity Recommendations o Everyone should participate in a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity every day. o Young people are encouraged to aim for 60 minutes of physical activity per day.

8. Modes of Physical Activity o Lifestyle – Work – Leisure – Household o Transportation o Exercise

9. Types of Physical Activity o Aerobic o Muscle strengthening o Bone Strengthening o Balance o Flexibility

10. Risk Populations o Global trends in physical inactivity are of particular concern in certain high risk populations – Older adults, women and young people. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/index.html

11. Older Adults o World-wide population is aging. o By 2030, 55 countries are expected to see their 65 and older populations at least 20 percent of their total. o By 2040, the global population is projected to number 1.3 billion older people—accounting for 14 percent of the total.

12. Evidence of Benefits for Older Adults o Improved: – Function and quality of life – Balance and strength – Coordination and motor control – Flexibility – Endurance – Mental health and cognition o Decreases risk of falls o More interaction with people of all ages

13. Sarcopenia o Definition o Consequences – decreased in resting energy expenditure – decreased insulin sensitivity – diminished muscle strength – increased risk of disability and falls – increased risk for mortality

14. Recommendations o Older adults should engage: – in moderate intensity activity at least 150 minutes or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week – in strength activities 2 or more days per week. – in balance activity if they have risk for falls o Source: 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans

15. Physical Activity and Women o Why is this important? o Benefits – Decrease in specific diseases – Improved mental health and self esteem

16. Barriers http://www.free- stockphotos.com/images/stretching- woman.jpg

17. Activity for Low-income and Rural Women http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Da-En/Developing- Countries-Issues-in.html

18. Physical Activity and Young People o Why is this important? – Active children are more likely to grow up to be active adults. – Increased activity = positive health outcomes Controlling weight Decreasing blood pressure Lessons risk of diabetes & some cancers Reduces asthma symptoms and severity Psycho-social benefits

19. Physical Activity and Young People – All children ages 2 and older should participate in at least 30 minutes of age appropriate physical activities every day. – 5-18 year olds should aim for a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day.

20. Definitions for Young People o Aerobic o Muscle Strengthening o Bone Strengthening

21. What activities count? o Moderate Intensity Aerobic Activities: – Children: Bicycle riding Walking Active recreation – Adolescents: Yard work or house work Playing games involving catching/throwing Brisk walking Active recreation

22. o Vigorous-Intensity Aerobic Activities: – Active games including running & chasing – Bicycling – Running – Vigorous Dancing – Sports (swimming, basketball, soccer) What activities count?

23. o Bone-Strengthening Activities: – Jumping, hopping, skipping – Running – Jumping rope – Sports: gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, futbol What activities count?

24. Encouraging Physical Activity Among Young People o Adults as positive role models o Provide equipment o Encourage play with friends o Make activity part of family life o Require safety (bike helmets, wrist/knee pads, traffic issues, environmental considerations)

25. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/

26. Summary Increasing Physical Activity across the lifespan and across the globe can significantly improve world health.

27. Michele Shaw, PhD, RN michele_shaw@wsu.edu Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC jpurath@wsu.edu Contact Information