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„THE INVISIBLE CONNECTION IS MORE POWERFUL…” ON TOLERANCE AND INTOLERANCE AMONG TEENAGERS IN HUNGARY by Mihály CSÁKÓ ELTE / JWTC, Budapest
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Mottos: „The invisible connection is more powerful than the visible one.” – Heraclitus (quoted in Hippolytus, Refutations) „I do not detest him. I simply do not talk to him and avoid to meet him.” – 17 year old trainee (in a VET school)
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Socio-historical background Hungarian as „others” and others to Hungarian in history Globalization brings about a new level of density in human co-existence (in the Durkheimien sense of the term). National differences in experiencing the new level of density
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Methodology Theoretical background –Almond & Verba’s notion of „civic culture” –Annick Percheron’s conceptualization of political socialization Sampling: no representativity –As a curricular activity of sociology students, the project is limited in scope. –A larger survey needs money. Questionnaires: too many changes (for the same reason)
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Sampling Sampling principle: „different enough” 1990: three classes in Budapest –an inner-city school –an urban housing estate school –an elite school 1994: six classes in Budapest with doubling the numbers in the same scheme 1998, 2002, 2006: six classes in Budapest, three classes in Győr six classes in Debrecen
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Measurement 1
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Measurement 1
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Measurement 2
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 1. Politics Unexpected experience of political conflicts in the new democracy Arguments which rearrange the political scene and lead to a renaissance of anti- Semitism In September 1991, a new movement called Democratic Charta was started to defend democracy (János Kis, György Konrád, Iván Vitányi)
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 1. Politics István Csurka 1956: a student leader (interned for half a year) 1987: one of the founders of Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) 1991-1992: Vice-president of MDF, publishes an overtly anti-Semitic paper 1993: expelled from MDF, he founds the right-wing Party of Hungarian Truth and Life (MIÉP) 1994-1998: President of the extra- parliamentary MIÉP he managed to raise mass support for his party.
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Measurement 3
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Attitude to neighbors
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Attitudes to special minorities
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 An outlook to higher grades
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 2. Fathers’ role
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 2. Fathers’ role Father’s educational level NMean for Western countries Mean for „colored” groups 8 classes452.180.58 12 classes2732.510.27 F3.4014.870 d33 p0.0170.002
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 2. Fathers’ role
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 2. Fathers’ role % Talks with father about politics NoYesN=100 Father's level of educati on Primary69,130,955 VET60,239,8133 Secondary70,329,7259 Higher5842414 Total66,733,3993 Chi2 =54,796d=4p=0.000
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 Trying to explain: 3. Teacher’s role
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Mihály Csákó: "The invisible..." Global Education Conference, Budapest, April 19, 2008 The Hungarian Guard is still marching
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