1. Noor Faridah KM Singapore 2012 6 Sept 2012 Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours: A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

2. C ONTENT Objective Methodology Results (Students Perceptions) Discussion & Implications Limitations Conclusion Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

3. O BJECTIVE Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Perception Study (survey) qualitative, exploratory study Both FGD & Perception study seek to find out more information for planning of the final study Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

4. FGD & P ERCEPTION S TUDY Provided insights into polytechnic students perceptions of how Facebook affects their mental wellbeing & academic conduct Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

5. Conceptual Framework : Mental Wellbeing Self esteem Emotional intelligence Social intelligence Cognitive efficacy Resilience Academic conduct M ETHODOLOGY Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

6. P HASES Phase 1 (completed as of June 2012) Exploratory focus group discussion (FGD) and perception study (survey) Phase 2 Pilot survey study (Jul – Sep 2012) Final survey study (Oct – Dec 2012) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

7. M ETHODOLOGY Focus group discussion (FGD) 19-20 Dec 2011 18 participants (3 groups of 6) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

8. M ETHODOLOGY FGD transcription and analysis Categorise students individual comments into elements of mental wellness eg Facebook is really good. You can collaborate with people to do some stuff together - Social Intelligence Develop the perception statements eg Facebook users will perceive better social connectedness through social interaction on Facebook - Social Intelligence Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

9. FGD : STUDENTS COMMENTS Emotional Intelligence For me, whenever Im sad, I will just post on Facebook to let the world know what Im feeling right now Self Esteem I have friends who post pictures. Then usually girls they will compliment each other like oh my god so pretty - make you feel happy. Then you have 41 people who like it, you will feel like there are people who believe in you. Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

10. M ETHODOLOGY Perception statements : Emotional Intelligence Facebook users will perceive a better understanding and appreciation of the feelings of others Facebook users will perceive a better understanding and appreciation of their own feelings through knowing other people on Facebook Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

11. M ETHODOLOGY Perception statements : Self-Esteem Facebook users will perceive enhanced self- esteem through social interaction and feedback received on Facebook Facebook users will perceive enhanced self- esteem through self-expression and image management on Facebook *Self-expression includes self-disclosure * Social interaction include uploading wall postings, photos, views and receiving feedback and comments on Facebook Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

12. M ETHODOLOGY Perception statements : Social Intelligence Facebook users will perceive better face-to-face interactions through social interaction on Facebook Facebook users will perceive better social connectedness through social interaction on Facebook Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

13. M ETHODOLOGY Perception Statements : Cognitive Efficacy Seeking information on Facebook leads one to think about future life directions. Self-expression on Facebook will make one less likely to think rationally before making decisions. Peer feedback will facilitate ones rational thinking and decision making Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

14. M ETHODOLOGY Perception statement : Academic Conduct Facebook users will perceive getting lower academic performance through the excessive use of Facebook Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

15. M ETHODOLOGY Perception study (survey) 6-20 Feb 2012 82 Polytechnic students (aged 17-22 years old) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

16. M ETHODOLOGY Questionnaire 35-items on 6 variables 5-point Likert scale 1 - Not at all 2 – Sometime 3 – Often Time 4 - Most of the Time 5 – All the Time results compiled and analysed Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

17. M ETHODOLOGY Gathering of students responses eg Perception statement : Emotional Intelligence When I read my friends' wall postings and comments on Facebook I understand their feelings better Percentage scorings on Likert scale : 1 - Not at all – 17.5% 2 – Sometime – 23.8% 3 – Often Time – 36.3% 4 - Most of the Time – 15.0% 5 – All the Time – 7.5% Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

18. MEASURES - OBJECTIVES Perception statements : Emotional Intelligence Facebook users will perceive a better understanding and appreciation of the feelings of others Facebook users will perceive a better understanding and appreciation of their own feelings through knowing other people on Facebook Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

19. R ESULTS ( STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ) Emotional Intelligence 82.5% agreed that reading their friends Facebook wall postings and comments helped them understand their feelings better. 86.6% agreed that when they read about their friends wall postings and comments on Facebook, they appreciate their friends feelings better. Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

20. Perception statements : Self-Esteem Facebook users will perceive enhanced self- esteem through social interaction and feedback received on Facebook Facebook users will perceive enhanced self- esteem through self-expression and image management on Facebook *Self-expression includes self-disclosure * Social interaction include uploading postings, photos, views and receiving feedback and comments on Facebook MEASURES - OBJECTIVES Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

21. Self-Esteem 83% agreed that they feel good about themselves when they receive positive comments and affirmation on their Facebook postings and status updates. 62.2% agreed that they feel bad about themselves when they receive negative comments and feedback on their Facebook postings and status updates * Social interaction includes uploading postings, photos, views and receiving feedback and comments on Facebook. R ESULTS ( STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

22. Self-Esteem 71.9% agreed that they enjoy the attention from others when they share photos, news and postings on Facebook 68.3% agreed that they feel good about themselves when they sincerely express their views and postings about themselves on Facebook 68.3% agreed that they enjoy searching latest information about their friends and viewing their status updates on Facebook to fit into the group. R ESULTS ( STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

23. Perception statements : Social Intelligence Facebook users will perceive better face-to-face interactions through social interaction on Facebook Facebook users will perceive better social connectedness through social interaction on Facebook MEASURES - OBJECTIVES Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

24. Social Intelligence 83% agreed that they feel connected with their friends when they interact with them on Facebook. 78% agreed that their Facebook social connections with their friends enhance their network of social support 81.7% agreed that Facebook helps them to engage in their group activities e.g. class outings, extra-curricular activities 74.4% agreed that their Facebook social connections with their teachers enhance their network of social support. 82.9% agreed that they enjoy maintaining Facebook social connections with their existing friends R ESULTS ( STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

25. MEASURES - OBJECTIVES Perception Statements : Cognitive Efficacy Seeking information on Facebook leads one to think about future life directions. Self-expression on Facebook will make one less likely to think rationally before making decisions. Peer feedback will facilitate ones rational thinking and decision making Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

26. Cognitive Efficacy 70.8% agreed that seeking information on Facebook and reading other peoples wall posts make them think about their current life and future life directions 86.6% agreed that the comments and feedback from their friends on Facebook help them to think rationally and make good decisions. 80.5% agreed that the comments and feedback from their friends on Facebook, give them different perspectives and views to find solutions to their problems. 51.2% agreed that posting or commenting on Facebook makes them less likely to think rationally or logically before making decisions (self-expression) R ESULTS ( STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

27. Perception statement : Academic Conduct Facebook users will perceive getting lower academic performance through the excessive use of Facebook measures of academic performance : Grade Point Average (GPA) assignment submissions class attendance MEASURES - OBJECTIVES Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

28. R ESULTS ( STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ) Academic Conduct 63.4% said that they did not miss the assignment deadlines whenever they use Facebook excessively. 75.5% said that they did not skip classes when they use Facebook overnight. 67.1% of youths disagreed that their GPA dropped since they use Facebook most of the time 69.6% of youths disagreed that their GPA dropped since they use Facebook in class instead of focusing on lessons in class Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

29. Emotional Intelligence results corroborates with the adolescent development phase of the presence of a strong need for peer acceptance teenagers need to belong to a group and once accepted as part of the group, they feel a strong sense of loyalty towards the group (Khoo, Liau & Tan, 2006) this group acceptance fostered through Facebook friendship bonds allows youths to look up to their friends in helping them find their self-identity D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

30. Self-Esteem results corroborates with study by Valkenburg, Peter & Schouten (2006) which concluded that youths self-esteem was affected by the feedback tone which adolescents received on their profiles positive feedback enhanced adolescents self-esteem, while negative feedback decreased their self-esteem similar to findings by Stefanone & Lackaff, 2009, as cited Stefanone, Lackaff & Rosen (2011) which suggested that posting photos can contribute to the maintenance of relationships and promotion of reciprocal behaviours. youths who share large numbers of photos may attribute high value to sharing personal images indicating their desire for self-presentation to increase their self-esteem. D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

31. Self-Esteem reflect the adolescent developmental phases of developing their self-identities and the strong desire for peer acceptance and social support. showed that youths regularly posts their photos and status updates about themselves and searched for information about their friends to maintain their relationships and fit into the group. constantly seek their friends feedback on their Facebook wall posts and status updates to get peer acceptance these attention-seeking behaviours helps youth feel good about themselves especially when they get positive comments and affirmation from their friends about their Facebook postings D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

32. Social Intelligence support findings by Kim & Lee, 2011 which found that Facebook friendships, similar to traditional friendships, can be a meaningful source of social support if Facebook users can devote enough time and effort to develop and maintain close connections with friends. Facebook connections enhance the face-to-face interactions as youths use Facebook to maintain their connections with people they know support the findings by Sheldon, 2008 as cited in Kalpidou, Costin & Morris, 2011 which reported that students used Facebook to maintain relationships with people they already knew D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

33. Cognitive Efficacy perception study findings show that youths are more likely to engage in information-seeking behaviour of searching for peoples wall posts that make them think about their current life and future life directions which they find cognitively fulfilling. supports the findings by Gangadharbatla, 2007 which suggested that extensive studies of need for cognition (NFC) have made linkages to information-seeking behaviour. youths need for cognition (NFC) also motivates them to join Facebook to get more information about their own problems and seek different perspectives and views on their problems from their friends, supporting youths need for affirmation from friends (Khoo, Liau & Tan, 2006). * NFC - individuals tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavours D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

34. Cognitive Efficacy perception study findings support the results of another study on the behavior of Internet users who tend to speak their mind and less bothered about the consequences and implications of what they had posted or commented online on others as they tend to believe that they are anonymous on the Internet (Khoo, Liau & Tan, 2006). disinhibition - type of youths Internet behavior increased level of private self-awareness and a reduction in the level of public self-awareness less concerned about other peoples evaluation of their actions, leading them to feel that they are invisible when on the Internet D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

35. Academic Conduct perception study findings did not support the perception statement that Facebook users will perceive getting lower academic performance through the excessive use of Facebook results differ from the study findings by Kirschner & Karpinski (2010) which showed that Facebook adversely affected students academic performance. note that students in the sample tend to be more motivated in achieving better academic performance and hence are less affected by their usage of Facebook. D ISCUSSION Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

36. L IMITATIONS study is a qualitative exercise (students perceptions) and does not imply any causal relationship between Facebook use and mental wellbeing and academic conduct results of this study cannot be generalized to the wider youth population in Singapore limited sample size of 82 students who participated Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

37. I MPLICATIONS Knowledge Sharing Behaviours our perception study findings have shown that Facebook promotes bonding and trust in social interactions such trustworthy interactions supports positive knowledge sharing behaviours Facebook helps youths to appreciate the feelings of others which promotes healthy and responsible knowledge sharing behaviours. The Likes support from the Facebook community makes youths feel good about their contribution towards the wider knowledge network (teams efforts) Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

38. I MPLICATIONS Knowledge Sharing Behaviours The Likes support from the online community on Facebook gives youths a sense of achievement and feeling of being appreciated which promotes a more conducive knowledge sharing environment The peer support and affirmation from other Facebook users motivates youths to share more knowledge by actively updating the contents and engaging the online community with their ideas on pertaining issues Knowledge managers in organisations can invite youths who are actively using Facebook as knowledge champions to promote the use of Facebook more responsibly as an effective tool for staff to communicate and share knowledge Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

39. P HASE 2 July – Dec 2012 seek feedback on the FGD and Perception Study findings from various industry partners conduct a pilot survey on sample of about 50 students conduct the final survey on sample of 800 students across all polytechnics in Singapore Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

40. C ONCLUSION students surveyed perceived that Facebook affects their mental well-being results (students perceptions) are indicative of the youths development phase including need for peer acceptance, support and affirmation, searching for self- identity and need for self-expression Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

41. Facebook and Mental Wellbeing: A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students F ACEBOOK PROJECT : STUDENT FEEDBACK 97.2% strongly agreed and agreed that they feel good about their team's efforts related to their research findings from the "Likes" support given by the online community via their group's Facebook page. 94.4% strongly agreed and agreed that they feel a sense of achievement that their team's research findings have benefited others from the "Likes" support given by the online community via their group's Facebook page. 91.7% strongly agreed and agreed that the sharing of their research findings with the online community via their group's Facebook page has helped them to expand their research ideas. 90.3% strongly agreed and agreed that their team's Facebook page motivates them to perform better in EIR by actively updating the contents and engaging the online community with their research ideas. 91.7% strongly agreed and agreed that overall, the Facebook activities in EIR are fun, engaging, interesting and allows them to make more new friends.

42. R EFERENCES Boogart, V., & Robert, M. (2006). Uncovering the Social Impacts of Facebook on a College Campus. Retrieved July 21, 2011 from http://krex.k- state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2097/181/4/MatthewVandenBoogart2006.pdf Health Promotion Board (2009). What is Adult Mental Well Being? Retrieved 1 March 2012 from world wide web http://hpb.gov.sg/mentalhealth/subtopicsection.aspx?id=202 http://hpb.gov.sg/mentalhealth/subtopicsection.aspx?id=202 Gangadharbatla, H. (2007). Facebook Me: Collective Self-Esteem, Need to Belong, and Internet Self-Efficacy as Predictors of the iGeneration's Attitudes toward Social Networking Sites. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8 (2), 1-28. Kalpidou, M., Costin, D., & Morris, J. (2011). The Relationship Between Facebook and the Well-Being of Undergraduate College Students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14 (4), 183-189. Kim, J., Lee, J-E. (2011). The Facebook Paths to Happiness: Effect of the Number of Facebook Friends and Self-Presentation on Subjective Well-Being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14 (6), 359- 364. Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

43. R EFERENCES Kirschner, P.A., & Karpinski, A.C. (2010). Facebook® and Academic Performance. Computers in Human Behaviour, 26 (6), 1237-1245. Retrieved July 19, 2011 from http://dspace.ou.nl/bitstream/1820/2880/1/Facebook_and_Academic%20 Performance.pdf http://dspace.ou.nl/bitstream/1820/2880/1/Facebook_and_Academic%20 Performance.pdf Khoo, A., Liau, A., & Tan, E. (2006). What Do I Say to My Net-Savvy Kids? Internet Safety Issues for Parents. Singapore: McGraw Hill. Rouis, S., Limayem, M., & Salehi-Sangari, E. (2011). Impact of Facebook Usage on Students' Academic Achievement: Role of self- regulation and trust. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9 (3), 961-994. Stefanone, M., Lackaff, D., & Rosen, D. (2011). Contingencies of Self- Worth and Social-Networking-Site Behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14 (1-2), 41-49. Valkenburg, P.M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A.P. (2006). Friend Networking Sites and Their Relationship to Adolescents' Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem. CyberPsychology Behavior & Social Networking, 9 (5), 584–590. Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

44. Q & A Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students

45. Thank You! Facebook and Youths Knowledge Sharing Behaviours : A Perception Study among Polytechnic Students