1. R/T ( RADIO-TELEPHONY ) “ THE ART OF UNDERSTANDING
AND BEING UNDERSTOOD”
BY MAESTRO

2. DEFINITIONS AIR TRAFFIC: ALL AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT OR
AERODROME TRAFFIC : ALL TRAFFIC ON THE
MANOEUVERING AREA OF AN AERODROME AND ALL
AIRCRAFT OPERATING IN THE VICINITY OF AN
AERODROME.
AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS :
2-WAY COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN AIRCRAFT
AND STATIONS ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
AIR TRAFFIC: ALL AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT OR
OPERATING ON THE MANOEUVERING AREA OF AN
AERODROME.

3. DEFINITIONS BLIND TRANSMISSION : A TRANSMISSION FROM 1
STATION TO ANOTHER IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE 2-WAY
COMMUNICATION CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED BUT WHERE
IT IS BELIEVED THAT THE CALLED STATION IS ABLE TO
RECEIVE THE TRANSMISSION.
BROADCAST : A TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION
RELATING TO AIR INFORMATION THAT IS NOT ADDRESSED
TO A SPECIFIC STATION OR STATIONS.
VFR FLIGHT : A FLIGHT CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.

4. DEFINITIONS VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS :
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF
VISIBILITY, DISTANCE FROM CLOUD AND CEILING, EQUAL
TO OR BETTER THAN A SPECIFIED MINIMA.

5. COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS AIS : AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES
ATC : AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ( IN GENERAL )
ETA : ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL
ETD : ???
FIR : FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION
IFR : INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES
VFR : ???

6. COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS IMC : INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
VMC : ???
PAPI : PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR
NOTAM : NOTICE TO AIRMAN
UTC : CO-ORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME
QNH : ALTIMETER SUB-SCALE SETTING TO OBTAIN
ELEVATION AMSL WHEN ON THE GROUND
AGL : ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
AMSL : ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL

7. TRANSMITTING TECHNIQUE LISTEN OUT BEFORE TRANSMITTING
SEVERE DISTORTION MAY ARISE FROM :
- TALKING TOO CLOSE TO THE MIC
- LIPS TOUCHING THE MIC
- HOLDING THE MIC OR BOOM
USE A NORMAL CONVERSATIONAL TONE
MAINTAIN AN EVEN RATE OF SPEECH
MAINTAIN THE SPEAKING VOLUME
AVOID MAKING HESITATION SOUNDS SUCH AS “ER”…..
DEPRESS THE TRANSMIT SWITCH FULLY BEFORE SPEAKING
AND DO NOT RELEASE UNTIL THE MESSAGE IS COMPLETED
BE AWARE THAT THE MOTHER TONGUE OF THE RECIEVER
MAY NOT BE ENGLISH
ENSURE THE BUTTON IS RELEASED AFTER TRANSMITTING

8. TRANSMISSION OF LETTERS
A ALPHA ALF AH Q QUEBEC KEH BECK
B BRAVO BRAH VOH R ROMEO ROH ME OH
C CHARLIE CHAR LEE S SIERRA SEEAIRRAH
D DELTA DELL TAH T TANGO TANG GO
E ECHO ECK OH U UNIFORM YOU NEE FORM
F FOXTROT FOKS TROT V VICTOR VIK TAH
G GOLF GOLF W WHISKEY WISS KEY
H HOTEL HOH TELL X X-RAY ECKS RAY
I INDIA IN DEE AH Y YANKEE YANG KEY
J JULIET JEW LEE ETT Z ZULU ZOO LOO
K KILO KEY LOH
L LIMA LEE MAH
M MIKE MIKE
N NOVEMBER NO VEM BER
O OSCAR OSS CAR
P PAPA PAH PAH

9. TRANSMISSION OF NUMBERS
ZERO
WUN
TOO
TREE
FOWER
FIFE
SIX
SEVEN
AIT
NINER
DECIMAL DAYSEEMAL
THOUSAND TOUSAND

10. TRANSMISSION OF NUMBERS
NUMBER TRANSMITTED PRONOUNCED AS
ONE ONE EIGHT WUN WUN AIT
DECIMAL EIGHT DAY-SEE-MAL AIT
ONE TWO ZERO WUN TOO ZE-RO
DECIMAL THREE DAY-SEE-MAL TREE
SEVEN SEV-EN
N.B. ONLY THE FIRST FIVE FIGURES ARE USED WHEN
IDENTIFYING FREQUENCIES SEPARATED BY 25 KHz

11. TRANSMISSION OF TIME TIME TRANSMITTED PRONOUNCED AS
ZERO EIGHT TWO ZE-RO AIT TOO TREE
THREE OR TWO THREE
ONE THREE ZERO ZERO WUN TREE ZE-RO ZE-RO
FIVE SEVEN OR TWO FIFE SEV-EN OR TOO ZE-RO
ZERO FIVE SEVEN FIFE SEV-EN

12. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING
ACKNOWLEDGE LET ME KNOW THAT YOU HAVE
RECEIVED AND UNDERSTOOD THIS
MESSAGE
AFFIRM YES
APPROVED PERMISSION FOR PROPOSED ACTION
GRANTED

13. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING
CANCEL ANNUL THE PREVIOUSLY TRANS-
MITTED MESSAGE
CHECK EXAMINE A SYSTEM OR PROCEDURE
CLEARED AUTHORISED TO PROCEED UNDER
THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED
CONFIRM HAVE I CORRECTLY RECEIVED THE
FOLLOWING…..? or DID YOU
CORRECTLY RECEIVE THIS MESSAGE?

14. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING
CONTACT ESTABLISH RADIO CONTACT WITH …
CORRECTION AN ERROR HAS BEEN MADE IN THIS
TRANSMISSION. THE CORRECT
VERSION IS……..
DISREGARD CONSIDER THAT TRANSMISSION AS
NOT SENT
GO-AHEAD PROCEED WITH YOUR MESSAGE

15. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING
HOW DO YOU READ? WHAT IS THE READABILITY OR MY
TRANSMISSION?
1 - UNREADABLE
2 - READABLE NOW AND THEN
3 - READABLE BUT WITH DIFFICULTY
4 - READABLE
5 - PERFECTLY READABLE
I SAY AGAIN I REPEAT FOR CLARITY OR
EMPHASIS

16. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING
MONITOR LISTEN OUT ON (FREQUENCY)
NEGATIVE NO OR PERMISSION NOT GRANTED
OR THAT IS NOT CORRECT
READ BACK REPEAT ALL OR THE SPECIFIED PART
OF THIS MESSAGE BACK TO ME
EXACTLY AS RECEIVED
REPORT …PASS ME THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION

17. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING
REQUEST I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW……OR WISH
TO OBTAIN
ROGER I HAVE RECEIVED ALL YOUR LAST
TRANSMISSION. ( NOTE: UNDER NO
CIRCUMSTANCES TO BE USED IN
REPLY TO A QUESTION REQUIRING A
DIRECT ANSWER IN THE AFFIRMATIVE
OR NEGATIVE.
STANDBY WAIT AND I WILL CALL YOU

18. STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES WORD/PHRASE MEANING ORIGINATOR )
STANDBY WAIT AND I WILL CALL YOU
VERIFY CHECK AND CONFIRM ( WITH
ORIGINATOR )
WILCO I UNDERSTAND YOUR MESSAGE AND
WILL COMPLY WITH IT
( ABBREVIATION FOR WILL COMPLY)

19. DISTRESS AND URGENCY DISTRESS SIGNAL : A CONDITION OF BEING THREAT-
ENED BY SERIOUS AND/OR
IMMINENT DANGER AND OF
REQUIRING IMMEDIATE ASSIS-
TANCE, Frequency : Primary, Then 121.5Mhz
URGENCY SIGNAL : A CONDITION CONCERNING THE
SAFETY OF AN AIRCRAFT OR
OTHER VEHICLE, OR OF SOME
PERSON ON BOARD OR WITHIN
SIGHT, BUT WHICH DOES NOT
REQUIRE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE,
Frequency : Primary

20. DISTRESS AND URGENCY DISTRESS MESSAGE (MAYDAY,MAYDAY,MAYDAY)
1. NAME OF SITUATION ADDRESSED
2. AIRCRAFT CALLSIGN
3. NATURE OF EMERGENCY
4. INTENTION OF PERSON IN COMMAND
5. PRESENT POSITION
6. FLIGHT LEVEL/ALTITUDE
7. HEADING

21. DISTRESS AND URGENCY URGENCY MESSAGE (PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN )
1. NAME OF STATION ADDRESSED
2. AIRCRAFT CALLSIGN
3. NATURE OF URGENCY CONDITION
4. INTENTION OF PERSON IN COMMAND
5. PRESENT POSITION
6. FLIGHT LEVEL/ALTITUDE
7. HEADING
8. ANY OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION

22. AIR TRAFFIC RULES AND SERVICES
YOUTH FLYING CLUB
BASIC FLYING COURSE
AIR TRAFFIC RULES AND SERVICES

23. AIRSPACE CONDITIONS OF VFR FLIGHT AIRSPACE CONTROLLED AIR SPACE
UNCONTROLLED AIR SPACE

24. CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
A pilot may fly under Visual Flight Rules in controlled airspace provided he is able to remain-
1.5 km Horizontally;
300m (1000 ft) Vertically away from cloud
In flight visibility- Min 8 km or as dictated by ATC.

25. CONTROLLED AIRSPACE 1,000 ft 8km Flight visibility AWAY FROM CLOUD

26. UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Outside Controlled Airspace, a pilot may fly under Visual Flight Rules if;
>3000ft
1.5 km Horizontally;
1000ft vertically from cloud,
In flight visibility of 8 km.
<3000ft
Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface,
In flight visibility of at least 1.5 km.

27. UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE
SAME AS CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
3,000 ft
CLEAR OF CLOUD
1.5 km flight visibility
IN SIGHT OF THE SURFACE

28. Definitions Altitude Height
The vertical distance of a level, point or object considered as a point, from mean sea level.
Height
The vertical distance of a level, point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified datum.

29. Visual and Pyrotechnic Signals
Type of Signal Meaning
Aircraft In Flight Aircraft on Ground
Steady Green Light Cleared to land Cleared for Take- Off
Steady Red Light Give Way to other STOP
Aircraft and Continue
circling.
Series of Flashing Green Lights Return for a Landing Cleared to Taxi
Series of Flashing Red Lights Aerodrome Unsafe, Taxi Clear of Landing Area
DO NOT LAND in Use
Series of Flashing White Lights Land at this Aerodrome Return to Starting Point on
and Proceed to the Apron the Aerodrome
Red Pyrotechnic Light or Red Flare Do not Land for the time
being . CANCELS any
previous permission to land

30. Air Traffic Control Regulations
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
The Singapore AIP provides information on aeronautical facilities, regulations and ground organizations for the safe conduct of Civil Aviation in Singapore.
Notams and Supplements
The AIP is supplemented by a service comprising NOTAMS and supplements.
Although NOTAMS are not specific amendments to the AIP, relevant information within the AIP is reflected in the NOTAM.
Temporary information is issued in NOTAMS but will not affect the AIP.

31. Ground-Air Visual Signal Code For Survivors
No. Message Symbol Code
1. Require Assistance V
2. Require Medical assistance X
3. No or Negative N
4. Yes or Affirmative Y
5. Proceeding in this direction

32. General Flight Rules
A/C CONVERGING

33. A/C WHICH ARE CONVERGING
2) On the right
In the right
(In the air & on the ground)

34. General Flight Rules A/C APPROACH HEAD-ON (In the air & On the ground)
EACH SHALL ALTER COURSE TO THE RIGHT

35. General Flight Rules A/C OVERTAKING (In the air)
OUT OF THE WAY
ALTER COURSE TO THE RIGHT
RIGHT OF WAY
ON THE GROUND: ALTER COURSE TO THE LEFT

36. DISPLAY OF LIGHTS BY AIRCRAFT
RED
110 DEGREE
GREEN
110 DEGREE
WHITE
140 DEGREE

37. MAXIMUM AUTHORISED TOTAL WEIGHT
5,700 KG (12,500 LBS) OR LESS
GREEN LIGHT
RED LIGHT
WHITE LIGHT
MORE THAN 5,700 KG
ANTI-COLLISION LIGHT

38. LOW FLYING
1,500 ft
2,000 ft

39. LOW FLYING
500 FT
AN AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT FLY ANY CLOSER THAN 500 ft TO ANY
PERSON,VESSEL, VEHICLE OR STRUCTURE.

40. RIGHT HAND TRAFFIC RULE
*An aircraft which is flying in sight of the ground and following a road, railway, canal or coastline or any other land marks, shall keep such line of landmarks on its left.