1. Simulation of traffic line and natural surveillance
Team BIM Japan

2. What is natural surveillance ?
Natural surveillance means to secure urban areas against criminal offenders under observation by building occupants and passersby in natural way.
Jacobs (1961) first referred to the effectiveness of natural surveillance.
Crowe (1991) classified surveillance as three types; natural, organized, and mechanical. Natural surveillance is considered most important.
Surveillance Classification
（Crowe, 1991）
Mechanical
Organized
Natural
References
Jacobs, J. (1961） The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
Crowe, T.D. (1991） Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.

3. How to simulate natural surveillance ?
Referring to Koike et al. (2008), we “Team BIM Japan” assumed that “level of natural surveillance (t)” can be defined as the amount of agents’ eye fixation at that time.
Agents: agents of persons who exist within the allocated site (Area 6); such as public space users, residents, etc.
We simulated traffic lines of agents with “building EXODUS” including traffic schedule of agents, and natural surveillance with “3ds MAX”.
Agents’ eye fixation can be modeled as lightness in the space by using unidirectional lighting model in “3ds MAX”.
Elements of agents
Traffic schedule
Time
Start point
End point
Eye fixation
Range
Sight
Natural Surveillance
Eye fixation can be modeled by using
unidirectional lighting model in “3ds MAX”
Simulation
“level of natural surveillance (t)” can be defined
as the amount of agents’ eye fixation at that time.
References
Koike et al. (2008) Development of the Models Showing the Extent of Natural Surveillance by Using Light Projecting Method, AIJ J. Technol. Des., Vol. 14, No. 27, , Jun., 2008.

4. Conversion program (original)
Data flow
Revit Architecture
DXF
Elements of agents
(Traffic schedule)
building EXODUS
XML
Traffic line
Conversion program (original)
IFC
Traffic line
Revit Architecture
DWG
Traffic line
Elements of agents
(Eye fixation)
3ds Max
Natural surveillance

5. Result: traffic line

6. Result: natural surveillance
6-12 (24h)

7. Security Planning through Simulation
Team BIM Japan

8. Security Planning Find crowded areas, and control traffic lines
Add CCTV at crowded areas
Find areas where natural surveillance is not enough, and add surveillance
Add mechanical surveillance (CCTV)

9. Security planning: traffic line
Add mechanical surveillance here

10. Security planning: natural surveillance
Add mechanical surveillance here
6-12 (24h)