1. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Sjøsikkerhetsseminaret Lysebu, 29 January 2008 Alla Pozdnakova Post. doc. NIFS Russian shipping safety regulation: a Comparative Study

2. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Background and objectives  Intensified vessel traffic from Russia along the Norwegian coastline transport of oil and other cargoes  Entering or approaching Russian waters by Norwegian shipping companies »Stockmann; Northern Sea Route »Russian regulation may apply

3. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Two pillars of the research I What is shipping safety regulation in Russia? II Lege ferenda discussion

4. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Hierarchy of legal acts in Russia 1 Constitution and constitutional laws 2 Federal laws Exclusive competence in sea transport 3 International conventions form an ”integral part” of the legal system Adopted by a federal law prevail over domestic laws in case of contradiction

5. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 4 Sub-ordinate legal acts 5 Regional legal acts Share competence with federal legislator in environmental regulation 6 Customary law 7 Case law? Decrees of higher (Supreme) Courts on different questions of law

6. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Shipping safety regulation in Russia*  Laws Merchant Shipping Code Environmental Protection Law Law on Sea Ports Laws concerning nuclear safety Basic substantive and institutional/supervisory framework Implemented by a range of sub-ordinate legal acts and technical documents * Related but not so central laws omitted

7. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO  Sub-ordinate (implementing) legal acts Governmental decrees »I.e., on use of global navigational system »On measures to prevent and liquidate oil spills  Technical rules and standards Issued by state institutions »Ministry of Transport »Subordinate entities »I.e., Rules concerning safe transport of various cargoes, navigation rules for ships

8. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Supervision and control  State institutions and organizations with delegated powers Federal Commission on the Supervision in the Field of Transport Maritime port administrations Other (agencies and services) Russian Register of Shipping  Shipping company (shipowner and employees – notably, Master)

9. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 2 nd pillar – lege ferenda  Should regulation be changed and how?  Comparative study  Pragmatic approach

10. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Scope of the research and delimitation By parameters of shipping safety? Limit to oil transport? Vessels falling outside international conventions? Security regulation and anti-terror measures?

11. © DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO In conclusion  Available sources and use of sources  Other problematic aspects of the research?