1. M.Sc. In Pharm (Pharmacology)
Antiseptics & Disinfectants
Pawitra Pulbutr
M.Sc. In Pharm (Pharmacology)

2. วัตถุประสงค์เชิงพฤติกรรม
มีความเข้าใจและอธิบายถึงกลไกการออกฤทธิ์และความเป็นพิษของสารเคมีที่เป็น Antiseptics และ Disinfectants
มีความเข้าใจและอธิบายถึงข้อดีและข้อเสียของสารเคมีที่เป็น Antiseptics และ Disinfectants

3. WORDS
Sterilization การทำให้ปลอดเชื้อ
destroy microorganism including spores
Disinfection การทำลายการติดเชื้อ
reduce or eradicate microorganism

4. Disinfectants
chemicals that inhibit or kill micoorganism
use with non-living surface
Antiseptics
chemicals that inhibit or kill microorganism
less toxic
use with living surface

5. Properties of good antiseptics & disinfectants
active to all microorganisms
rapid & long action
water soluble & stable
tolerate to soap & organic material
non-toxic
less systemic absorption, non-allergenic
well penetrate
no colored, good smell
cheap
NO antiseptics & disinfectants!!

6. Alcohol
rapid evaporation…no residual action
can not penetrate organic material
may cause irritation & dryness
USE
antiseptic before injection
disinfectants

7. Chlorhexidine has residual action tolerated to organic material
destroy by anionic & non-ionic surfactants
less irritation to skin
USE
chlorhexidine digluconate 2%, 4%
pre-operation … skin cleaning
infant bathing

8. Halogen iodine chlorine oxidize sulhydryl (SH) into S-S
denature protein
protein dysfunction & precipitation

9. Iodine
active to bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus , spore
tincture of iodine USP
2% iodine % sodium iodide in alc.
Most potent antiseptics
irritation & hypersensitivity

10. Iodophor
cpx of iodine + surface active agents
iodine + polyvinyl pyrrolidine
= povidone iodine (betadine®)
as active as iodine
less irritation & hypersensitivity
not staining
USE
wound antiseptic

11. Chlorine
water soluble into hypochlorus, HOCL
active to bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, spore
destroy by organic material
Chlorophor..slow release HOCL
sodium hypochlorite
chloramine

12. Phenolic compounds
Phenol
toxic….NO longer use
carcinogenesis
hyperbilirubinemia in neonates
Phenolic agents
o-phenylphenol, o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, p-tertiary amylphenol
mixture of phenolic derivative
cresol, xylenol

13. Phenolic compounds cell membrane / cell wall disturbance
precipitation of protein
inactivate enz.
Active to bacteria, fungi, virus
No effect to spore
USE
disinfectants to hard surface..in lab/ hospital
not use in nursery…hyperbilirubinemia

14. Hexachlorophene
active to most gm+ bacteria
hexachlorophene 3% in soap
USE
antiseptic in pre-operation
infant bathing ….
May accumulate..cause heart & brain abnormal
...cerebral edema , convulsion in premature infants

15. Quaternary ammonium compound
cationic surface active detergents
benzalkonium chloride
cetylpyridine chloride
benzethonium chloride
inactivate enzyme
denaturation of protein
active to bacteria(+), fungi, lipophillic virus
sporistatic

16. Aldehydes formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde
alkylation protein / nucleic acid
active to bacteria, fungi, virus, spore
USE
disinfectants in medical equipments

17. Release hydroxyl radical …cell membrane disturbance
Hydrogen peroxide
Release hydroxyl radical …cell membrane disturbance
hydrogen peroxide 3% & 6%
USE
disinfectants…respirator, soft contact lenses
wound antiseptics…catalase/ peroxidase...O2 gas + H2O
vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP)
gaseous sterilant…less toxic than ethylene oxide, formaldehyde

18. Mercury salts
thiomerosal (merthiolate)
thiomerosal %…preservative in vaccine
tincture merthiolate 0.1%…pre-operation antiseptics
merbromin (mercurochrome) ยาแดง

19. Silver salts
silver nitrate
used as eye drop to prevent gonococcal ophthalmitis in newborns
silver sulfadiazine
burn wound

20. THE END & GOOD LUCK