1. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
Technology
Introduction

2. late ’70, early ‘80: starting...
entusiastic astronomers & fans of PSF +
1965
1985
Loiano telescopes +
active users of ESO + HST since their onset
1st key aspect:
school of observational astronomy & data analysis
Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

3. Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
2nd key aspect:
growing exigency of actively contributing in developping & optimizing observational strategies & analysis procedures for maximizing the scientific output
modern instrument = hardware + software + science
3rd key aspect:
computer center: astronomers fond of software & software engineers fond of astronomy
Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

4. projects ESO-VIRMOS: DRS, RTD, GTO ESO-FLAMES: templates, GTO
2ndfloor astronomers +
Bregoli,Lolli,Merighi,Montegriffo
1stfloor astronomers +
Rossetti,Merighi
ESO-MAD: WFS
LBT: LBC+LINC-NIRVANA+IRTC
ELT-MCAO
Diolaiti,Lombini,
Schreiber(Student)
Diolaiti’s talk
Origlia’s talk
TNG-GIANO
Pancino’s talk
GAIA
Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

5. Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
other actvities:
TNG & ESO site testing/monitoring
( Zitelli, Lombardi (PhD) )
Treatment of astronomical mirrors:
experiment for LBT
( Zitelli, Ciattaglia, Mezzini )
L3CCD: photon counting camera for WFS
( Bregoli,Ciattaglia, Innocenti,
in collaboration with Cosentino & Foppiani – UniBo )
TNG: NICS software upgrading
( Rossetti, Guido (PhD) )
Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

6. Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
astronomical software development:
software for computing numerical PSF
STARFINDER ( Diolaiti )
software for cross-correlation & astrometry of catalogs
CATAPACK: CataXcorr+CataComb ( Montegriffo )
software for variable star analysis:
GRATIS+VARFIND+VARCAT+ATMOS ( Montegriffo )
software for spectral & chemical abundance analysis
DAOSPEC + ABOMAN ( Pancino, Rossetti )
Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

7. near infrared (0.9-2.5 mm) spectrometer
a high and low resolution
near infrared ( mm) spectrometer
for the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG)
PI: L. Origlia (INAF-Bologna) PM: E. Oliva (INAF-FGG)
dedicated to Sandro Gennari
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

8. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
why GIANO ?
2nd generation of TNG instruments
according to the prescription of the Gruppo Istruttorio per il TNG
NICS 2
UV-optimized spectrograph
high resolution IR spectrograph
call for proposal: deadline November 2002
project discussion: March 2003
GIANO approved for phase A: July 2003
Preliminary Design Review: November 2003
Final Design Review: December 2004
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

9. main optics in double pass
instrument concept
basic requirements / constraints:
high resolution, wide spectral coverage,
high trhoughput, high stability
main optics in double pass
TMA as collimator & camera
minimize off-axis angles, thus optimizing the grating efficiency
allow for large collimated beams (i.e. high res) in reduced space
prisms as cross dispersers
maximize efficiency &
spectral coverage
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

10. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
the 1st face of GIANO: HR mode
uses the echelle grating for dispersing & prisms for cross-dispersing
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

11. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
the 2nd face of GIANO: LR mode
inserts a flat mirror and uses only the prisms for dispersing
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

12. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
echelle
infrasil
ZnSe
Hawaii2 - 2k x 2k
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

13. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
the cryostat
the betank
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

14. Fundacion Galileo Galilei integration at the telescope INOA, Firenze
Bologna
supervision & management
scientific coordination
software, WEB page
Lolli, Montegriffo,
Origlia (PI), Rossetti
Fundacion Galileo Galilei
management & procurement
integration at the telescope
Ghinassi,Gonzalez,Lodi,Oliva(PM)
Catania
pre-slit optics
polarimetric unit
Bruno,Leone,Scuderi
people & tasks
Arcetri
optics, mechanics, cryogenics
electronics & controls
Baffa, Biliotti, Del Vecchio, Donati,
Gennari, Giani, Falcini, Maiolino,
Mannucci, Marcucci, Mochi, Sozzi
INOA, Firenze
absorption cell
D’Amato
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

15. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
HR mode
full coverage up to 1.7 mm
70% complete at 2.5 mm
high efficiency, ~20% all incl.
0.95 mm
1.2 mm
1.6 mm
2.4 mm
all sources in 2MASS
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

16. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
0.8 – 2.5 um complete spectrum
high efficiency, ~30% all inc.
all sources in UKIDSS
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

17. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
the gas cell
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

18. Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007
science drivers
rocky planets
SF regions
SBs
cool stars
AGNs
high-z DLAs
high resolution
minor bodies
BDs
EROS
low resolution
high-z SBs & QSOs
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

19. GIANO as a prototype for VLT ELT high res IR spectrographs future...
Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007