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Tomáš Jiříček 15.2.2012
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Tomáš Jiříček 15.2.2012
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About My PhD About Filtration Membrane Characterisation Testing Considerations and Equipment Area of Research First Results Acknowledgements
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Development and testing of composite (ultrafiltration) membranes with nanofibre structures, and nonwoven nanofibre membrane filter media with high permeability (low transmembrane pressure), containing chemically and biologically active components.
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Mass force on freely moving particles: Sedimentation Flotation Coagulation and floculation Particles blocked and liquid flows through Filtration
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Any material, that under the operating conditions, is permeable to one or more components of a mixture, solution, or suspensions, and is impermeable to others. (Sutherland and Purchas, 2002)
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Driving force – pressure upstream Mechanism – cross-flow Objective – clarified liquid Operating cycle – constant rate Nature of solids – compressible
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Permeability (pore size and density, thickness) Water flux in dead-end flow Retention (MWCO molecular weight cut-off) molar mass of the globular protein which is 90% retained by the membrane
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Retained macro- solutes form a second membrane on the surface. Restriction of flow and changes of selectivity Flux without response to pressure Kaushik Nath. Membrane Separation Processes. PHI Learning, 2008
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Major concern – flux decrease Changes membrane properties Fouling and concentration polarization additive resistance Fouling prevention is very important selection of membrane operating conditions feed pretreatment start-up techniques cleaning type and frequency Interesting competition between: stable hydrophobic membranes less fouling hydrophilic membranes
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http://www.winebusiness.com • Feed recirculated with high velocity parallel to the filter. • Cake continuously removed from the membrane surface. • High permeate flux due to minimal particle deposition
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Testing conditions vs real life conditions Typically: holding capacity, pressure drop, time dependency, and filtration efficiency Percentage of contaminant removed Filtration efficiency (99%) vs penetration (1%)
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Fluid properties (viscosity, temperature, chemical properties) Contaminant properties (PSD, concentration) Desired performance: Filtration Efficiency Flow resistance Filter life Size ↘ particle size ↘ fibre diameter ↗ COST
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Filtration theory in literature overwhelming Large scale equipment cannot be designed without small-scale tests Correlations for scale-up acc. to filtration theory Constant pressure Constant rate
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Removes all contaminants No restrictions, ∆p = 0 Infinite holding capacity, lasts forever Infinitely small Costs nothing
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4 Micro and Ultrafiltration membranes 336 cm2 each operating in series Concurrent test of different membranes Flow pattern similar to large-scale devices Test results were extremely reliable for scale-up Single pass mode, Batch mode, Constant volume mode © AlfaLaval
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Characterisation and testing of membranes Study of process characteristics Intensification of the process and scale-up Separation of biological materials in waste- water treatment applications Mathematical modeling
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Development and testing of composite ultrafiltration membranes with nanofibre structures Permeability Long term performace Leaching of added chemicals Antibacterial properties
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Development and testing of nonwoven nanofibre membrane filter media with: low transmembrane pressure (operation cost) chemically / biologically active components Dense nanofibre layer to avoid depth filtration Long term operation Resistance to (bio)fouling Change of filtration parametres with time Waste water treatment – remove „unremovable“, membranes for MBR
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No colonies Nadir UP150 PES AgNO 3 Cont Elspin 3 colonies Nadir UP150 PUR AgNO 3 Hand Elspin 25 colonies Nadir UP150 PES AgNO 3 Hand Elspin 1000 colonies Nadir UP150 PES Ag beh. Cont Elspin
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• Typically leaching is continous and decreasing • Total of 0,02 mg Ag washed out in the first 30 ml (app. 2%)
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Tomáš Lederer Lenka Martinová Jakub Hrůza Alice Břečková Jan Dolina
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Short chain alkylphenols – GC-MS Long ethoxylate chains – HPLC fluorescence Hormones – HPLC + MS-MS GC + (MS-MS) on the way
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Particle contaminant in the fluid passes through the filter once
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© Filtration and Separation Spectrum, 2007 GE Company
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