1. OUTLINE Social, Religious and Historical background of the age of Milton Jacobean Period and Caroline Period Introduction to Puritanism Age Chronological order of Milton’s Life Characteristics of Milton’s poetry John Milton’s works The Caroline poets What does Metaphysical Poets mean? List and introduction of Metaphysical Poets Major and Minor prose writers Summary of the Age Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON1

2. JOHN MILTON (1608-1674) Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart; Thou hadst a voice whose sound was like the sea Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free; So didst thou travel on life's common way In cheerful godliness: and yet thy heart The lowliest duties on herself did lay. (From Wordsworth's "Sonnet on Milton") Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON2

3. Social, Religious & Political background of the age of Milton In this age we will deal with the literary and non-literary events, the end of Renaissance, political, social and religious events that dominated this period The Literature of the Seventeenth Century may be divided into two periods— The Puritan Age or the Age of Milton (1600-1660) which is further divided into the 1) Jacobean period 2) Caroline periods. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON3

4. Political Background Jacobean Age : After the death of Queen Elizabeth, James VI ( because he was king of Scotland with name James VI, when he became king at England then his name became James I) become the king in 1603 at England with name of James I. king James period known as Jacobean Age. This age started from ( 1603-1625 ) Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON4

5. Jacobean Period “James I” In the Jacobean Age Shakespeare wrote the dramas but it was a declining period for dramas. In this age we got more religious elements and many writers supports religion. As compare to drama, poetry become more popular, when Charles I become the king he do whatever he wants and he increased the taxes he does not listen the parliament and he wants to close the parliament system and parliament opposed him and he married with Roman catholic girl and parliament think that he also has roman catholic thoughts and in parliament system many are protestant parliament killed him because of his brutality but before his death there was a civil war and he arrested a his son Charles II. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON5

6. Caroline Period “Charles I” He was born in Fife, Scotland, on 19 th November 1600. He was the 2 nd son of king James I and Anne of Denmark. In 1625, he became the king of England and after the three months later he married with Henrietta Maria, she belongs to France and she was a Catholic princess. After her marriage she refused to take part in Protestant ceremonies of state. Parliament was not in favor of his marriage to a Catholic princess. King’s interference in the religious and churches of England and Scotland, and he increased taxes without the consent of Parliament, so all these religious scholars or protestant preachers, they regarded this King as Tyrant. All these negative aspects led him to the worst. But during the reigns of James I and Charles I Puritanism grew stronger through repression Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON6

7. Introduction to Puritanism Age Puritanism is a reform movement which started by the Christian zealots in 17 th century. The purpose of this movement is to reform the English church with in the spirit of Renaissance. Puritanism has two chief objects: the first is personal righteousness and second is civil and religious liberty. The main aim or target of this movement is to make men honest and make them free. This is a Religio-Political movement because its aim is not only to purification of Church but it also concern with the justification of Kingship. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON7

8. “ In its broadest sense the Puritan movement may be regarded as a second and greater Renaissance, a rebirth of the moral nature of man following the intellectual awakening of Europe in the 15 th and 16 th centuries. In Italy, whose influence had been upper most in Elizabethan Literature, the Renaissance had been essentially pagan and sensuous. It had hardly touched the moral nature of man, and it brought little relief from the despotism of rulers”. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON8

9. Religious Background of the Age Religiously age was one of even greater ferment than that which marked the beginning of the Reformation. The Catholic church, as its name implies, has always held true to the ideal of a united church, a church which, like the great Roman government of the early centuries, can bring the splendor and authority of Rome to bear upon the humblest village church to the farthest ends of the earth. The possibility of a united Protestant church perished with Elizabeth. Then, instead of the world-wide church which was the ideal of Catholicism, came the ideal of a purely national Protestantism Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON9

10. Years passed, years of bitter struggle and heartache, before the impossibility of uniting the various Protestant sects was generally recognized. The ideal of a national church died hard, and to its death is due all the religious unrest of the period. Only as we remember the national ideal, and the struggle which it caused, can we understand the amazing life and work of Bunyan, or appreciate the heroic spirit of the American colonists who left home for a wilderness in order to give the new ideal of a free church in a free state its practical demonstration. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON10

11. Social Background or Literary Characteristics In literature also the Puritan Age was one of confusion, due to the breaking up of old ideals. Mediaeval standards of chivalry, the impossible loves and romances of which Spenser furnished the types, perished no less surely than the ideal of a national church; and in the absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism there was nothing to prevent the exaggeration of the "metaphysical" poets, who are the literary parallels to religious sects like the Anabaptists. Poetry took new and startling forms in Donne and Herbert, and prose became as somber as Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom which sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age, and which is unjustly attributed to Puritan influence, is due to the breaking up of accepted standards in government and religion Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON11

12. No people, from the Greeks to those of our own day, have suffered the loss of old ideals without causing its writers to cry, "Ichabod! the glory has departed." That is the unconscious tendency of literary men in all times, who look backward for their golden age; and it need not concern the student of literature, who, even in the break-up of cherished institutions, looks for some fore gleams of a better light which is to break upon the world. This so-called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisite workmanship, and one great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people was John Milton, in whom the Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON12

13. Chronological order of Milton’s Life John Milton was born on Bread street, London, on 9 th December 1608. His father (senior John Milton) was a devout catholic and composer by profession. In 1620 he went to ST, Paul's school Cambridge where he got his early education. In 1625 he went to the Christ’s College Cambridge, after the completion of his college he went for the higher education so he got admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts on 26 th March, and in 1632 he obtained his master’s degree. In 1638 Milton leaves England and went to France and Italy where he got his religious education. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON13

14. In his life time he had three marriages : In 1642 he married with Marry Powell, whom he had four children but unfortunately his wife died so he married with Katherine cookwood in 1656, but again he married with Elizabeth Minshull in 1663 because his second wife was died In 1649 Milton appointed as a Secretary of foreign tongues to the council of states, a position which he holds till 1659 In 1651 Milton writes the pamphlet known as ‘The Defence of the English people’ as a rejoinder to a defence of Charles I. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON14

15. In 1649 Milton appointed as the Secretary of foreign tongues to the council of states. In 1652 Milton becomes totally blind In 1660 Milton imprisoned for a time and copies of his books burned by an order of parliament, after the Restoration of Charles II. In 1667 Milton’s Paradise lost published and in 1674 Milton’s second revised edition of Paradise Lost published. In 1674 death of Milton around 8 November. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON15

16. John Milton is regarded as one of the greatest poets in English literature. He was a highly learned, well-Educated man so that we can say he is the ‘man of letter’. His education was more careful and thorough. He had a great skilled in the languages including : English, French, Italian and Latin. He was very much interested in music as his father was a composer so he inherited music tastes from his father. It is said that no poet has written more beautifully of music as Milton. He is the most scholarly and the most truly classical of English poets. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON16

17. He represents a whole age in the English literature of 17 th century in history. The age of Milton is very complex in the history of England. It was an age of transition because it has two faces : the one looking backwards to the middle ages and the other forward to the modern age. Milton is the true representative of his age and he shares the glory as well as strife of his time. It is the Milton through which we can know the conditions of his age. This age is an era of extreme religious and political polarization, people get separate into groups. The prime feature of the age of Milton is the growth of Puritanism as a moral and social force. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON17

18. Hillarie Belloc summing up this age by these words : “These years were critical in the history of England. They form the decisive phase in that complete transformation which turned the English from Catholic to protestant; from common obedience under a king to subjection by ranks under a gentry; from a nation of owners to a nation of wage- earners and therefore a peasantry to a capitalist society. In those years first vigorously appear above ground the English colonies. English Banking, the expansion of London and the springs of what was to become so mighty an increase in English numbers and powers –Modern England. Of such a development Milton was in part a prophet, in part a pioneer, in some degree of creature; whence his profound historical significance, and the importance, for the understanding of the England coming after him, that we should understand himself” (Reference : Hillarie Belloc ) Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON18

19. Milton’s Poetry Milton's literary and intellectual life divided into three groups or periods each marked with a strongly character. 1)Youth and Preparation : it is the first period started from 1608 t0 1638. This period starts from his birth to the conclusion of his education. This period may be known as Early Verse period. In this period he wrote his shorter Poems. 2)Public Life : It is the second period started from 1638 to 1660. This period was a political life of Milton or the year of the Restoration. This period contains all his prose writings. In this period he wrote sonnets. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON19

20. Characteristics of Milton’s poetry The grand style of Milton Milton’s picturesqueness Milton’s spiritual importance Milton’s seriousness Milton’s imagination Milton’s love of beauty Milton’s classicism and Milton’s sublimity Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON20

21. first period It was period in which Milton started his first writing. During these years Milton made his first experiments in poetry in both Latin and English language. It was observed by competent scholars that he was one of the first Englishmen who after the Renaissance wrote Latin verse with classical Elegance. In his first work Milton appears as the inheritor of all that was best in Elizabethan literature, and his first work, the ode "On the Morning of Christ's Nativity," approaches the high- water mark of lyric poetry in England. This ode was written in 1629 when Milton was only 21 years old. This ode is a natural, mature, beautiful and original piece of devotional writing except some minor faults. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON21

22. This Christian hymn shows the influence of his early poetical master, Spenser, and of contemporary pastoral poets. On the Morning of Christ's Nativity Compos'd 1629 This is the Month, and this the happy morn Wherein the Son of Heav'ns eternal King, Of wedded Maid, and Virgin Mother born, Our great redemption from above did bring; For so the holy sages once did sing, [ 5 ] That he our deadly forfeit should release, And with his Father work us a perpetual peace.holy sages ( lines from the Milton's Ode to Morning of Christ’s Nativity ) Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON22

23. After completion his studies at Cambridge, Milton devoted himself both heart and soul to the getting knowledge in languages, literature and scriptures, both ancient in modern and devoted his chiefly time in reading and meditation. So in 1632 he went to Horton and then settled with their parents. Where Milton produced a number of short and long poems that brought him immediate fame. Dr Johnson says about this poem “ Every man that reads them, reads them with pleasure. They exhibit a quintessence of a happy English life; and in them the poet reveals his own temperament as a typical but a richly gifted one”. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON23

24. Mark Pattinson give tribute to Milton by these words : “ no lawyer, physician, statesman ever labored to fit himself for his profession harder than Milton strove to quality himself for his vocation of the Poet” Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON24

25. 3 ) ‘Comus’ a Masque (a play written in verse, often with music and dancing, popular in England in the 16 th & 17 th centuries) for a noble family. Milton wrote this work in 1634. This work was a product of Milton’s love for music because he inherited music skills from his father. H.S Taylor says about this work : “The searching treatment of its theme, the nature of chastity, is more characteristic of Milton’s interests than of those generally associated with the masque form, and it is exactly because it is something more than a mere masque that the piece has survived as literature. In this work more than anywhere else, Milton strikes the note of pastoral poetry in the English, as opposed to he classical, tradition”. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON25

26. 4) The next important work of this period is 'Lycidas' it is written in 1637, it is one of the supreme English elegies. This elegy is written to commemorate his friendship with King Edward, who drowned in the Irish sea. In this Elegy he also wants to express the corruption of the Anglican Churchmen under Laud’s Administration. He gave them warning through his work : “ That two-handed engine at the door stands ready to smite once, and smite no more” Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON26

27. This was Milton’s last utterance in English verse (Poetry) before the outbreak of the civil war, and it sounds the alarm of the impending struggle In this work we have a element of Puritanism which is political, and ecclesiastical as well as spiritual and ethical. In technical quality Lycidas is the most wonderful of all Milton’s poems. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON27

28. In these early poems, Milton, merely as a poet, is at his best. Something of the Elisabethan style still clings to them; but their grave sweetness, their choice wording, their originality in epithet, name, and phrase, were novelties of Milton’s own. His English masters were Spenser, Fletcher, and Sylvester, the translator of Du Bartas’s La Sepmaine, but nothing of Spenser’s prolixity, or Fletcher’ effeminacy, or Sylvester’s quaintness is found in Milton’s pure, energetic diction. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON28

29. He inherited their beauties, but his taste had been tempered by his studies in Greek and Hebrew poetry. He was the last of the Elisabethans, and his style was at once the crown of the old and a departure into the new. In masque, elegy, and sonnet, he set the seal to the Elizabethan poetry, said the last word, and closed one great literary era. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON29

30. SECOND PERIOD In 1638 Milton went to the Europe in France and Italy, where the highest literary circles scholars and poets received him cordially. This second period of Milton's career, developed and modified his nature and ideas in an unusual degree and fashion. Outwardly the occupations which they brought him appear chiefly as an unfortunate waste of his great poetic powers. In 1639 the breach between Charles I. and his Parliament brought Milton back from Italy. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON30

31. He said, “I thought it base to be traveling at my ease for amusement, while my fellow-countrymen at home were fighting for liberty” In 1642 he wrote sixteen sonnets which belong here show how nobly this form could be adapted to the varied expression of the most serious thought. Milton’s style was very heavy and cumbrous, he said that in Prose writitngs he used his left hand only. He wrote the long trailing sentences, the involved constructions, the parentheses, the Latin inversions in his Prose work. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON31

32. he soon engaged in a prose controversy supporting the Puritan view against the Episcopal form of church government, that is against the office of bishops. He wrote about 25 pamphlets on the current social, political, religious and educational conditions and issues. In 1641, Milton joins the war of pamphlets concerning the Episcopal form of church government and wrote five anti-prelatical tracks. 1n 1642 another 2 pamphlets published from one of them is “ The Reason of Church Government” this work gives us the information about Milton’s religious views Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON32

33. he suddenly married Mary Powell, the seventeen-year-old daughter of a royalist country Gentleman with whom his family had long maintained some business and social relations. After a couple of months of marriage she fled to her family and refused to return. Thereupon, with characteristic egoism, Milton put Forth a series of pamphlets in (1643) on divorce published entitled with “The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce”. Meanwhile his divorce pamphlets had led to the best of his prose writings. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON33

34. In 1644 Milton’s pamphlet on Education published in which he outlined the Renaissance ideal of Education, which aimed was “ a man to perform justly, skillfully, and magnanimously, the duties, private and public, of piece and war”. In 1644 he also wrote the Aeropagitica, this work was directed against an order of parliament which established a censorship of books, this is essentially a plea for freedom of thought and speech and it should be loved by every lover of literature and intellectual liberty. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON34

35. In 1645 his poem “The poem of John Milton” published. (these poems were the Minor Poems) In 1649 when the Charles I was taken a captive on trial, and the parliamentarians were in full cry so Milton wrote a number of small treatise to reconcile the public mind to his execution. In this work Stopford Brooke says that “Milton did his pamphleteering for the council as no other man in England could have done it” In 1651 Milton wrote the pamphlets known as “The defence of the English people”, as a rejoinder to a defence of Charles I. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON35

36. In 1654 Milton “The Second Defence of the English People”. He wrote this work in reply to an attack on the commonwealth. In 1659 Milton’s work “Treatise on Civil War” published. In 1660 Milton’s work “The ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth”. It was the last prose work of Milton’s second period. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON36

37. Third Period Milton's Later Poetry. No doubt, the noblest of Milton's works, written when he was blind and suffering, these works are Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. The first is the greatest, indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in our literature since Beowulf; the last is the most perfect specimen of a drama after the Greek method in our language. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON37

38. The important fact of this last period, however, is that Milton now had the leisure to write, or to complete, 'Paradise Lost.' For a quarter of a century he had avowedly cherished the ambition to produce 'such a work as the world would not willingly let die' and had had in mind, among others, the story of Man's Fall. But beyond the simple outline the poem, like every great work, is essentially the product of his own genius. He aimed, specifically, to produce a Christian epic which should rank with the great epics of antiquity and with those of the Italian Renaissance. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON38

39. Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is about Adam and Eve, how they came to be created and how they came to lose their place in the Garden of Eden, also called Paradise. It's the same story you find in the first pages of Genesis, expanded by Milton into a very long, detailed, narrative poem. It also includes the story of the origin of Satan. Originally, he was called Lucifer, an angel in heaven who led his followers in a war against God, and was ultimately sent with them to hell. Thirst for revenge led him to cause man's downfall by turning into a serpent and tempting Eve to eat the forbidden fruit Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON39

40. Example from the text of Paradise Lost Of Man’s First disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the World, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till our Greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful seat, Sing, Heavenly Muse…. I thence Invoke the aid to my adventurous song, That with no middle flight intends to soar Above th’ Anonian mount, while it pursues Things unattempted yet in prose or time Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON40

41. THE CAROLINE POETS Caroline is derived from the word ‘carolus’, it is the Latin version of Charles. The Caroline age started from the 1625 to 1649. This age named when the Charles I reigned over England from 1625 to 1649. This age is also a part of Puritan age. In this age, there were a long civil war between the “Cavaliers” and “Roundheads”. The supporter of kings were Cavaliers where as the supporter of Parliaments were roundheads and they were puritans. In the literary point of view, a group of lyric poets associated with the cavaliers that is why they called cavaliers poets. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON41

42. In the caviler group of poets almost many poets were secular poets, so the cavalier poets are : Thomas Carew, Sir John suckling, Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace, Andrew Marwell. These poets are also called son of ben as they were the admires and followers of Ben Johnson. Their lyrics are trivial, gay, witty, and licentious. In the same group there is some religious poets as well, these are the George Hebert, Richard Crashaw, Henry Vaughan, Francis Quarles. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON42

43. Robert Herrick is one of the Caroline poets who wrote both secular as well as religious poetry Of all these poets, every body has his special claim. we can consider here only Donne and Herbert, who in different ways are the types of revolt against earlier forms and standards of poetry In feeling and imagery both poets have high order, but in style and expression they are the leaders of the fantastic school whose influence largely dominated poetry during the half century of the Puritan period. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON43

44. Robert Herrick (1591-1674) He is not only a secular writer but also religious writer too. His poems cover a wide range from trivial love songs, pagan in spirit, to hymns of deep religious feeling. Only the best of his poems should be read and these are remarkable for their exquisite sentiment and their graceful melodious expression. The rest poems reflect something of the coarseness of his audience, may be passed over in silence. Later in his life Herrick published his one book named as Hesperides and Noble Numbers (1648). The latter half contains his religious works, and we can see in his religious work the "Litany" to see how the religious terror that finds expression in Bunyan's Grace Abounding could master even the most careless of Cavalier singers. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON44

45. Thomas Carew (1598-1639) Thomas Carew is called as the founder or inventor of Cavalier love poetry. He is one of the secular poets of the age of Milton. His poetry is the Spenserian pastoral stripped of its refinement of feeling and made direct, coarse, vigorous. His poems were published in 1640, which indicates that with the Metaphysical and Cavalier poets a new and stimulating force had entered English literature: Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON45

46. Example Ask me no more where Jove bestows, When June is past, the fading rose, For in your beauty's orient deep These flowers, as in their causes, sleep. Ask me no more where those stars light That downwards fall in dead of night, For in your eyes they sit, and there Fixed become as in their sphere. Ask me no more if east or west The phoenix builds her spicy nest, For unto you at last she flies, And in your fragrant bosom dies. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON46

47. Sir John Suckling (1609-1642) He was one of the most brilliant wits of the court of Charles I, who wrote poetry as he exercised a horse or fought a duel, because it was considered a gentleman's accomplishment in those days. His poems, "struck from his wild life like sparks from his rapier," was written trivial. In his best known "Ballad Upon a Wedding," rarely rise above mere doggerel. It is only the romance of his life - his rich, brilliant, careless youth, and his poverty but he had committed suicide in Paris. But he fled because of his devotion and still his name is alive in our literature. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON47

48. Sir Richard Lovelace (1618-1658 ) In his life time and in his poetry Sir Richard Lovelace is a remarkable parallel to writer Suckling. and these two writers are often classed together as perfect representatives of the followers of King Charles. His work Lucasta, has a volume of love lyrics, it is generally on a higher plane than Suckling's work. A few of the poems like "To Lucasta," and "To Althea, from Prison," deserve the secure place they have won. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON48

49. His famous lines from one of his works are : Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage; Minds innocent and quiet take That for an hermitage. If I have freedom in my love, And in my soul am free, Angels alone that soar above Enjoy such liberty. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON49

50. GEORGE HERBERT (1593-1633) He has written some noble verse of prayer or aspiration, which expresses the underlying Puritan spirit of his age. Her is the greatest, the most consistent of all cavalier poets. He has written very impressive line, "O day most calm, most bright,” and we may safely take that single line as expressive of the whole spirit of his writings. Herbert's chief work include: The Temple, consists of over one hundred and fifty short poems suggested by the Church, her holidays and ceremonials, and the experiences of the Christian life. The first poem, "The Church Porch," is the longest and the least poetical. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON50

51. It is a wonderful collection of condensed sermons, wise precepts, and moral lessons, suggesting Chaucer's "Good Counsel," Pope's "Essay on Man," and Polonius's advice to Laertes, in Hamlet; only it is more packed with thought than any of these. Of truth-speaking he says: Dare to be true. Nothing can need a lie; A fault which needs it most grows two thereby. and of calmness in argument: Calmness is great advantage: he that lets Another chafe may warm him at his fire. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON51

52. What does Metaphysical Poets mean? According to Dr Johnson Metaphysical poets are: “Were men of learning and to show their learning was their whole endeavor, they neither copy nature nor life. Their thoughts are often new, but seldom natural; they are not obvious but neither are they just, and the reader, far from wondering that he missed them, wonders more frequently by what perversity of industry they were ever found” Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON52

53. Metaphysical poets This name was coined by Dr. Johnson in derision, because of the fantastic form of Donne's poetry, it is often applied to all minor poets of the Puritan Age. It includes Donne, Herbert, Waller, Denham, Cowley, Vaughan, Davenant, Marvell, and Crashaw. Richard Crashaw (1613-1649) Is the Catholic mystic, is interesting because his troubled life is singularly like Donne's, and his poetry is at times like Herbert's set on fire Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) he blossomed young and at twenty-five, he was proclaimed the greatest poet in England, is now scarcely known even by name his "Pindaric Odes" set an example which influenced English poetry throughout the eighteenth century Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON53

54. Henry Vaughan (1622-1695) he is worthy of study because he is in some respects the forerunner of Wordsworth Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) because of his loyal friendship with Milton, and because his poetry shows the conflict between the two schools of Spenser and Donne. Edmund Waller (1606-1687) He stands between the Puritan Age and the Restoration. He was the first to use consistently the "closed" couplet which dominated our poetry for the next century. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON54

55. “Of all these poets, each of whom has his special claim, we can consider here only Donne and Herbert, who in different ways are the types of revolt against earlier forms and standards of poetry. In feeling and imagery both are poets of a high order, but in style and expression they are the leaders of the fantastic school whose influence largely dominated poetry during the half century of the Puritan period”. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON55

56. JOHN BUNYAN (1628-1688) John Bunyan was an extraordinary person. Johan Bunyan was one of the greatest poets who had expressed clear spirit of Puritanism. He was born in the little village of Elstow, near Bedford, in 1628, the son of a poor tinker. He went to school, where he learned to read and write after a fashion. but he was soon busy in his father's shop, where, amid the glowing pots and the fire and smoke of his little forge, he saw vivid pictures of hell and the devils which haunted him all his life. When he was sixteen years old his father married the second time, whereupon Bunyan ran away and became a soldier in the Parliamentary army. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON56

57. When he got married then his life was changed, we can say that his marriage to a good woman the real reformation in his life began. He married a girl as poor as himself. And that is why he says. "We came together, as poor as might be, having not so much household stuff as a dish or spoon between us both." The only thing or dowry which the girl brought to her new home was two old, threadbare books “The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, and The Practice of Piety” Bunyan read these books, which instantly gave fire to his imagination. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON57

58. Bunyan’s famous work The Pilgrim’s Progress is very famous book and the publication of Pilgrim's Progress in 1678 made him the most popular writer. It is a story in which a journey begins in ten stages, which is a vivid picture of the difficulties and triumphs of the Christian life. Every trial, every difficulty, every experience of joy or sorrow, of peace or temptation, is put into the form and discourse of a living character. Other allegorists write in poetry and their characters are shadowy and unreal but Bunyan speaks in terse, idiomatic prose, and his characters are living men and women. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON58

59. Robert Burton (1577-1640) he is a famous prose writer of the Anatomy of Melancholy work. It is one of the most astonishing books in all literature, which appeared in 1621. he was a clergyman of the Church, he is an incomprehensible genius, he has given brood and melancholy to reading of every conceivable kind of literature Unfortunately, he had suffered so from despondency that no help was to be found in medicine or theology, his only relief was to go down to the river and hear the bargemen swear at one another. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON59

60. Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682). He was a born in Cheapside, London, on 19 th Oct, 1605. He was known far and wide as a learned doctor and an honest man, whose scientific studies had placed him in advance of his age, and whose religious views were liberal to the point of heresy. He has written a great work named as “Religio Medici”, The Religion of a Physician (1642). Two other works of Browne are : Vulgar Errors (1646), a curious combination of scientific and credulous research in the matter of popular superstition, And second is Urn Burial, a treatise suggested by the discovery of Roman burial urns at Walsingham. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON60

61. Thomas Fuller (1608-1661) He was born in 19 June, he was a British scholar, preacher and one of the most witty and prolific authors of the 17 th century. He was a clergyman and royalist whose lively style and witty observations would naturally place him with the gay Caroline poets. His best known works are The Holy War, The Holy State and the Profane State, Church History of Britain, and the History of the Worthies of England. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON61

62. Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667) He was born in 15 th August 1613, Cambridge and died in 13 August 1667. He was a clerk in the church of England. He has been called "the Shakespeare of divines," and "a kind of Spenser in a cassock," and both descriptions apply to him very well. His writings, with their exuberant fancy and their noble diction, belong rather to the Elizabethan than to the Puritan age. He has written his two great works these are: The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living ( 1650) and The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying (1651). These books helped the members of the Church. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON62

63. Richard Baxter (1615-1691) He was an English puritan church leader, poet, hymnodist, theologian, and controversialist. He was an English puritan known as “peacemaker” He is considered as "busiest man of his age" Dean Stanley called him “the chief of English Protestant schoolmen” He was a prolific writer, his works were designed to be more practical and devotional. His works are: The Reformed Pastor, A Christian Directory and His two most famous books are The Saints' Everlasting Rest and A Call to the Unconverted, both of which were exceedingly popular, running through scores of successive editions, and have been widely read in every generation. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON63

64. Izaak Walton (1593-1683). Walton was a small tradesman of London, who preferred trout brooks and good reading to the profits of business and the doubtful joys of a city life. He lived from 1593 to 1683, remains famous today because of the author of well known and famous work “ The Compleat Angler”. It is one of the most important environmental book in history of English literature. Throughout this work, he wanted to share knowledge of natural history and ecology, and advocates for methods of wildlife management and sustainable fishing that are fundamental to modern science based resource management. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON64

65. Summary of the Age The age produced many writers, a few immortal books, and one of the world's great literary leaders. The literature of the age is extremely diverse in character, and the diversity is due to the breaking up of the ideals of political and religious unity. The literature differs from that of the preceding age in three marked ways: (1) It has no unity of spirit, as in the days of Elizabeth, resulting from the patriotic enthusiasm of all classes. (2) In contrast with the hopefulness and vigor of Elizabethan writings, much of the literature of this period is somber in character; it saddens rather than inspires us. (3) It has lost the romantic impulse of youth, and become critical and intellectual; it makes us think, rather than feel deeply. Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON65

66. THANKYOU Sunday, October 09, 2022THE AGE OF MILTON by : SADIA ISMAIL SAMOON66