1. MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY The Meaning and Importance of Tourism and Hospitality

2. Share your experience to us about the most unforgettable destination you’ve been.

3. THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

4. TOURISM CONCEPT AND TERMS Tourism  A social, cultural, and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence, pleasure being the usual motivation – Department of Tourism (DOT)  It describes the product offered to tourists, what the tourists experience. (Supply-sided Focus Definition)

5. TOURISM CONCEPT AND TERMS Tourism  The activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one (1) consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. – United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)  It is the behavior of tourists, and what they need and seek. (Demand-sided Focus Definition)

6. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT FOR TOURISM  Time – as the hours for leisure increases, so does the opportunity for travel. Changes in work days or hours and school calendars will affect how and when people can travel.  Money – the majority of travel requires discretionary income. Discretionary income is the money left over after all monetary obligations (food, rent, and taxes) have been paid.

7. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT FOR TOURISM  Mobility – is the access to transportation (car, bus, plane, train, or ship) and the hours required to get to a destination.  Motivation – is the reason why people travel. Motivations may include seeking novelty, education, meeting new people, adventure, or stress reduction (DOT, 2010).

8. FORMS OF TOURISM Domestic Tourism – involving residents of the given country traveling only within this country Inbound Tourism – involving non-residents traveling to a given country Outbound Tourism – involving residents traveling to another country

9. FORMS OF TOURISM Internal Tourism – comprises domestic and inbound tourism National Tourism – comprises domestic and outbound tourism International Tourism – consists of inbound and outbound tourism

11. International Visitor:  This refers to a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure, or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited (UNWTO, 2010).  This refers to any person who travels to a country other than that in which s/he has his/her usual residence but outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve (12) months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited (DOT, 2010).

12. International Tourist: This refers to a person who stays at least one (1) night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited.

13. International Same-Day Visitor: This is a visitor who does not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited. This definition includes cruise passengers who arrive in a country on a cruise ship and return to the ship each night to sleep on board even though the ship remains in port for several days. Also included in this group are owners or passengers of yachts and passengers on a group tour accommodated in a train.

14. Domestic Visitor:  This refers to any resident of the Philippines who travels to a place in the Philippines other than his usual place of environment for a period not more than 365 days for any reason other than following an occupation remunerated at the place visited. Minimum distance of travel covered is between municipality and with purposes of trip as any of the following: pleasure (holidays, culture, active sports, visit to relatives and friends, and/or other pleasure purposes); professional (events, official mission, and/or business); and other purposes (short-term studies, health, and/or pilgrimage).

15. Domestic Tourist: This person stays at least one (1) night and not more than 365 days in a collective or private accommodation in a place visited.

16. Domestic Same-Day Visitor:  This is a domestic visitor who does not spend even a night in a collective or private accommodation at the place of visit.  It is also known as excursionist (DOT, 2010).

17. Tourism Product:  This consists of the elements of a trip and what a person does on the way to his/her destination and when staying there (Burkhart, 1981 as cited by DOT, 2010).  It may consist of (a) built and natural attractions, (b) tours and packages, (c) services for travelers (e.g., shopping, restaurants, accommodations, medical), and (d) other activities (DOT, 2010).

18. Travel:  This refers to the activity of travelers.  The act of moving from one (1) place to another (UNWTO, 2010).

19. Trip:  This is the travel by a person from the time of departure from his usual residence until he/she returns.  It is made up of visits to different places.

20. SCOPE AND SECTORS OF TOURISM

23. Both hospitality and tourism are umbrella terms for a wide range of commercial activities.... The tourism industry supports a traveler's need for transportation, food, lodging, amusement, and entertainment. It involves tour operators, rental cars, hotels, bars, gasoline stations, theme parks, and attractions.

24. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOURISM

25. NATURAL TOURISM Ecotourism Soft Adventure Tourism Hard Adventure Tourism Special Interest

26. ECOTOURISM Ecotourism is ecologically sustainable tourism with a primary focus on experiencing natural areas that fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and conservation.

27. CORE CHARACTERISTICS: Observation and appreciation of nature and culture Education and interpretation features Generally organized by small grous or locally owned business Minimum negative impacts

28. SOFT ADVENTURE TOURISM Requires a moderate level of physical involvement by participants and are less physically challenging than hard activities.

29. Examples:  Hiking  Bicycling  Camping  Horseback Riding  Walking Tours  Wildlife Spotting  Whale Watching  Fishing

30. HARD ADVENTURE TOURISM Commonly involve a higher level of physical or rugged involvement or a potentially greater personal challenge for participants and their risk factor also increase.

31. Examples:  Caving  Scuba Diving  Whitewater rafting  Surfing  Skiing  Kayaking  Ocean Sailing  Mountain Climbing

32. SPECIAL INTEREST Wildlife Tourism Observation Photography Interaction Cultural Tourism Travel directed toward experiencing the arts, heritage and special character of unique places Includes arts, cultural activities and physical heritage

33. ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) International and Domestic Cultural Visitors Attend the theatre, concerts or performing arts programs Go to art craft galleries/workshops or studios Attend festivals or fairs Visit heritage buildings, sites or monuments Events Tourism The overnight travelers aged 15 years and above who participate in the following activities Festivals/fairs or cultural event Organized sporting event

34. Other Types of Tourism: Farm Tourism Well established in Europe, New Zealand and Australia Educational Tourism Primary purpose of engaging in a learning experience

35. PLOG’S MODEL OF TOURIST BEHAVIOR

36. Plog classifies tourists into three categories: ALLOCENTRIC  A tourist who seeks new experiences and adventure in a wide range of activities. This person is outgoing and self-confident in behavior.  An allocentric person prefers to fly and to explore new and unusual areas before others do so.

37. Plog classifies tourists into three categories: PSYCHOCENTRIC (The Repeater)  A tourist falling in this category is usually non- adventuresome. They prefer to return to familiar travel destinations where they can relax and know what types of food and activity to expect.  Such tourists prefer to drive to destinations, stay in typical accommodations, and eat at family-type restaurants.

38. Plog classifies tourists into three categories: MIDCENTRIC (Combination)  This category of tourists covers the ones who swing between the above said two types.

39. HENLY CENTRE MODEL OF HOLIDAYMAKI NG

40. Henley Center has divided the tourist into four phases: Phase I- Bubble Travelers − They do not have much money as well as knowledge. They prefer packaged tours. They long to observe different cultures without being a part of it. They travel mostly out of curiosity. Phase II- Idealized Experience Seekers − They are confident tourists with the experience of foreign tours. They are flexible and comfortable. They prefer tour offers made for individuals.

41. Henley Center has divided the tourist into four phases: Phase III- Seasoned Travelers − These tourists are more affluent than the idealized-experience seekers. They are more confident to experiment and experience different places and environments. They are more adventurous and prefer individualistic tours. Phase IV- Complete Immersers − These tourists have an intention of immersing completely into the foreign culture, heritage, culinary experience, and language. Their holidaying is well-planned but not well-structured.

42. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

43. Historically, the concept of hospitality is about receiving guests in a spirit of goodwill—especially strangers from other lands. Hospitality implies warmth, respect and even protection; it builds understanding and appreciation among cultures. The Latin root hospes is formed from hostis, which means “stranger” or “enemy.” Related words are host, hospital, hostel and hotel.

44. Today, hospitality also refers to a segment of the service industry that includes hotels, restaurants, entertainment, sporting events, cruises and other tourism-related services. As such, the hospitality industry is important not only to societies—but to economies, customers and employees.

45. Importance to Economies Hospitality generates revenue for local economies directly when tourists spend money in hotels, restaurants and entertainment venues. It also helps economies indirectly because tourists purchase retail goods, pharmacy items and locally made souvenirs and crafts. In addition, tourism can stimulate the building of infrastructure such as roads and public transportation.

46. Importance to Customer Hospitality provides essential services (i.e., lodging and food) for travelers, whether they are on the move for reasons of necessity, leisure or luxury. Hospitality is a major factor in every vacation and business trip, and is thus important to individual customers and to businesses.

47. Importance to Employees Besides being a huge job creator, this sector provides a rewarding career track for professionals. It offers a huge range of job opportunities, from event planner to hotel general manager to facilities asset manager and beyond. Entrepreneurs start their own restaurants and boutique hotels. Professionals have the chance to work in glamorous settings around the world.