1. EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

2. Industrial Revolution
Started in 18th century, came to India in 1850s.
Features of labour:
Low wages
Long working hours
Poor working conditions
No concern for safety & health

3. Growth of Trade Unionism
Started in India in 20th century
Philosophy of workers: United we stand
Workers demanded economic benefits, job security, good working conditions & participation

4. Scientific Management
Concept given by F.W.Taylor.
Features:
Science, not rule of thumb
Harmony in group action, not discord
Maximum output, not restricted output
Scientific selection, training, placement
Mental Revolution

5. Techniques of Scientific Management
Scientific task setting
Work study: method study, motion study, time study, fatigue study.
Planning the task
Standardisation
Scientific selection & training
Differential piece wage plan
Specialisation

6. Industrial Psychology & Behavioural Sciences
Concept proposed by Hugo Munsterberg
Calls for application of Psychology to industrial purposes
Applied in Personnel testing, interviewing, attitude measurement, learning theory, training, monotony study, safety, job analysis, human engineering.

7. Human Relations Movement
Started by Elton Mayo & associates
Discarded the theory given by Taylor
Conducted Hawthorne Experiments from
Started the trend of being ‘nice to people’
Conclusions:
Performance also determined by social norms
Workers respond to total work situation
Complaints & criticisms are symptoms of deeper problems
Informal groups, informal communication & informal leadership are important in determining productivity

8. Growth of HRM in India Royal Commission on Labour (1931)
The Factories Act, 1948
Labour Laws
Industrial relations tradition

9. Approaches to Managing Human Resources
Factor of Production concept or Commodity concept or Mechanistic approach
Paternalistic Concept
Humanistic concept or Social System approach
Personnel Management
Human Resource Management
HRD concept
Partnership concept
Human Relations Approach

10. Human Relations Approach
Factors affecting human relations:
Individual
Work group
Work environment
Leader
Features of human relations approach:
Focus on people
Ultimate goal is to make workers more productive, not just happier
Seeks to build human cooperation
To create a positive work environment
Guidelines to achieve effective human relations

11. Basis PM
HRM
Focus
Organisational interest
Individual development
Philosophy
Functional area of management
philosophy in itself
Nature of function
Staff function
Line function
Pervasiveness
For personnel manager
For all
Motivation & team work
Not important
Very important
Techniques
Pressure tactics
cooperation