1. Vitamin B1 for Your Pooch

2. Hello!
I am Dr. Preethi Sudarshanie Dassanayake (B. V. Sc., M. Sc., MBA) from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

3. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Also known as aneurine. Water soluble.
Sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Insoluble in fat solvents.
Stable at acidic solutions.
Unstable in alkaline solutions.

4. Thiamine Unstable to heat. Stable during frozen.
Unstable when exposed to UV light.
Is not stored in the body.
Must be supplied daily.
Impossible to toxic to your pooch.

5. First isolated from rice bran in 1912 by Casimir Funk.
Isolation
First isolated from rice bran in by Casimir Funk.

6. Robert R. William from US isolated thiamine in crystalline form in 1936.

7. Structure of Vitamin B1
Consists of an aminopyrimidine and a thiazolium ring linked by methylene bridge.
Formula: C12 H17 N4 O S

8. Functions of Thiamine Supports carbohydrate metabolism.
Produce energy (ATP).
Acetyl choline synthesis.
Transmission of nerve impulses.
Maintains normal growth.
It acts as a coenzyme.

9. Absorption & Transport
Precondition for absorption is presence of sufficient hydrochloric acid from stomach.
Phosphoric acid esters of thiamine are split in the intestine.
Free thiamine is soluble in water.
Absorbed in the jejunum.
Mechanisam of absorption
Active transport.
Simple diffusion.
Transport
After absorption , bind with carrier plasma protein.
Through portal vein transported to the liver.
Thiamine phosphorylation mainly takes place in the liver and forms thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Total body thiamine mainly present as TPP (80%). 10% of total body thiamine present as thiamine triphosphate (TTP).

10. Mainly by urine. Followed by faeces.
Excretion
Mainly by urine. Followed by faeces.

11. Causes for Thiamine Deficiency
Inadequate dietary intake.
High carbohydrates diet.
Intestinal diseases (malabsorption)
Liver diseases (inhibits B1) utilization.
Prolonged diuretics usage.
Preservatives in the diet (sulphur dioxide or sulphite)

12. In Thiamine deficiency
General
Anorexia
Vomiting
Stunted growth
Loss of hair
coprophagy
Muscular
Kyphosis
Ventroflexion of the neck
Muscle weakness
Recumbence
Neurological
Seizures
Circling
Exaggerated reflexes
Reduced menace reflex
Tremors.
Nystagmus.

13. Requirements NRC (2006) 1.0 mg / Kg of Feed.
Pups mg / Kg of diet.
Adults – 2.25 mg /Kg of diet.
For all life stages of dogs AAFCO (2007) recommendation:
1.0 mg / Kg of Feed.

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SOURCES:
Spinach, eggs.
Carrots, broccoli.
Fish, geen peas.
Milk, asparagus.
Peanut butter.
Watermelon.
Eggplant.
Beef, pork, liver.
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15. Any questions? You can find me at: dassanayakepreethi@gmail.com
Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at:

16. Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resources for free:
Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
Photographs by google image.