2. Leadership traits Thousands of books, articles, etc on leadership
What the experts say:
VISION/FOCUS
PASSION/COMMITMENT
TRUST/INSPIRATION/RELATIONSHIPS
There are many many books and articles about leadership.
The experts say that great leadership incorporates the three key pillars detailed in this slide.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

3. Leadership is sometimes confused with…
Authority
Management
Position
Leadership is a verb (it’s an action – leading) not simply a position (leader).
Leadership can be practiced from many positions within an organisation (not only from those with the title “leader.”)
Not everyone with who is called a “leader” practices leadership.
Facilitator can read this slide out – self-explanatory.
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4. Managers vs Leaders Cope with COMPLEXITY PLAN & BUDGET
Set TARGETS & GOALS
Organise STAFF
CONTROL & PROBLEM SOLVE
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
SEEK STABILITY & PREDICTABILITY
Cope with CHANGE
Set DIRECTION
Articulate a VISION
Tell us “WHO WE ARE”
Align PEOPLE to the VISION
MOTIVATE MEMBERS
DEVELOP NEW LEADERSHIP
SHAKE THINGS UP
Highlight the differences between the two roles:
Leaders set direction and articulate a vision.
Managers manage to deliver that vision and achieve the goals.
Leaders motivate and develop people
Managers organise and control workflows.
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5. LIGHTING FIRES vs PUTTING OUT FIRES
LEADERSHIP IN UNIONS
LIGHTING FIRES vs PUTTING OUT FIRES
So in trade unions this is about leaders lighting fires and developing passion and energy – not solving problems or putting out fires.
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6. FOUR FRAMES OF LEADERSHIP
Each of us leads in a particular way – from our own perspective or FRAME.
Lee Bolman and Terrance Deal in Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership (Jossey-Bass) have defined leadership styles as falling to within four areas.
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7. FOUR FRAMES OF LEADERSHIP
All valuable, but some more dominant than others…
Questionnaire –
Scoring –
At this point hand out the questionnaire in Activity 1 to all participants and ask them to complete it by answering the questions.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

8. FOUR FRAMES OF LEADERSHIP
Groups
Structural/systems analyst leaders
Humanist /concern for people leaders
Political/advocate/negotiator leaders
Symbolic/vision/drama leaders
The Structural Frame All organisations have goals, boundaries, levels of authority, communication systems, coordinating mechanisms and distinctive procedures. How to structure itself is one of the central issues facing any organisation. Organisations exist to accomplish established goals. For any organisation, an appropriate structure (one that is logical and efficient) can be designed and implemented. Coordination and control are essential to effectiveness. Organisational problems originate from inappropriate structures and can be resolved through reorganisation or restructuring
The Humanist Frame The humanist frame examines the interplay between organisations and people. It starts from the premise that people’s skills, insights, ideas, energy and commitment are an organisation’s most critical resource. Organisations exist to serve human needs. Organisations and people need each other. When the fit between the individual and the organisation is poor, both will suffer. When the fit between the individual and the organisation is good, both benefit.
The Political Frame The political frame asserts that, in the face of enduring differences and scarce resources, conflict among members of a coalition is inevitable and power inevitably becomes a key resource. Important decisions involve the allocation of scarce resources—usually, the scarcest resource is power. Organisations are composed of coalitions and interest groups. Goals and decisions emerge from bargaining, negotiating and jockeying for power. Power and conflict are central features of organisational life.
The Symbolic Frame The symbolic frame assumes that humans will create and use symbols to make meaning out of chaos, clarity out of confusion and predictability out of mystery. What matters in an organisation is not what happens, but what it means to the participants. Faced with uncertainty and ambiguity, people create symbols to resolve confusion, increase predictability and provide direction. Organisations have distinct cultures that may be positive or negative, strong or weak. Myths, rituals, ceremonies and sagas help people find meaning in their organisational experience.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

9. Four frames of leadership
Structural leaders emphasize rationality, analysis, logic, facts and data. They are likely to believe strongly in the importance of clear structure and well-developed management systems. For them, a good leader is someone who thinks clearly, makes good decisions, has good analytic skills, and can design structures and systems to get the job done.
Facilitator can read this slide out – self-explanatory.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

10. Four frames of leadership
Humanist leaders emphasise the importance of people. They view the central task of leadership is to develop coaching, participation, motivation and teamwork. To them, a good leader is a facilitator and a participative manager who supports and empowers others.
Facilitator can read this slide out – self-explanatory.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

11. Four frames of leadership
Political leaders believe that managers and leaders live in a world of competing interests and scare resources. The central task of leadership is to mobilise the resources needed to advocate and fight for the union’s goals and objectives. Political leaders emphasise the importance of building a powerful base: allies, networks, coalitions. To them, a good leader is an advocate and negotiator who understands politics and is comfortable with conflict.
Facilitator can read this slide out – self-explanatory.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

12. Four frames of leadership
Symbolic leaders believe that the essential task of leadership is to provide vision and inspiration. They rely on personal charisma and a flair for drama to get people excited and committed to the organisational mission. To them, a good leader is a prophet and visionary, who uses symbols, tells stories, and frames experience in ways that give people hope and meaning.
Facilitator can read this slide out – self-explanatory. NEED TO REPLACE PICTURE WITH A WOMAN – BUT WHO? MALALA??
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3

13. Four Frames of Leadership
Know your frame….
Structural/systems analyst leaders
Humanist/concern for people leaders
Political/advocate/negotiator leaders
Symbolic/vision leaders
Facilitator can read this slide out – self-explanatory.
Understanding the needs of others will help you be more effective
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14. FOUR FRAMES OF LEADERSHIP
Are these descriptions true of your style of leadership?
When have you seen your style be most effective?
When do you run into trouble with your style?
How might you benefit from working with leaders from other frames? What might the challenges be?
Ask participants, working in groups, to address these four questions.
ITF Women’s Development Programme Level 3