1. Simplifying Effective Data Transformation Via
PROC TRANSPOSE
Arthur Li

2. INTRODUCTION
Why transforming data? - different statistical procedures require different data shapes
Dat1:
Name E1 E2 E3 1
John 89 90 92 2
Mary . 81
Dat1 contains
2 observations
3 English test scores E1 – E3

3. INTRODUCTION
Why transforming data? - different statistical procedures require different data shapes
Dat1:
Dat1_Transpose1:
Name E1 E2 E3 1
John 89 90 92 2
Mary . 81
Test
John
Mary 1 E1 89 92 2 E2 90 . 3 E3 81
2 X 3 matrix
3 X 2 matrix
Data structure fits for paired t-test

4. INTRODUCTION Name: By-variable
Why transforming data? - different statistical procedures require different data shapes
Dat1:
Dat1_Transpose2:
Name E1 E2 E3 1
John 89 90 92 2
Mary . 81
Name
Test
Score 1
John E1 89 2 E2 90 3 E3 92 4
Mary 5 81
Name: By-variable

5. INTRODUCTION
Why transforming data? - different statistical procedures require different data shapes
Dat1:
Dat1_Transpose2:
Name E1 E2 E3 1
John 89 90 92 2
Mary . 81
Name
Test
Score 1
John E1 89 2 E2 90 3 E3 92 4
Mary 5 81
Dat1_Transpose2 fits for t-test for independent samples

6. INTRODUCTION Method for transforming data: ARRAY processing
PROC TRANSPOSE

7. INTRODUCTION PROC TRANSPOSE <DATA=input-data-set>
<DELIMITER=delimiter>
<LABEL=label>
<LET>
<NAME=name>
<OUT=output-data-set>
<PREFIX=prefix>
<SUFFIX=suffix>;
BY <DESCENDING> variable-1
<...<DESCENDING> variable-n>;
COPY variable(s);
ID variable;
IDLABEL variable;
VAR variable(s);

8. Name & ID: character variables E1 – E3: numeric variables
TRANSPOSING AN ENTIRE DATA SET THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
data dat1;
input name $ id $ e1 - e3;
label e1=English1
e2=English2
e3=English3;
datalines;
John A
Mary A ;
Read in data
Name & ID: character variables
E1 – E3: numeric variables
E1 – E3: have variable labels

9. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
Only the PROC TRANSPOSE statement is used
OUT=: specifies the name of the transposed data set

10. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
proc print data=dat1_out1;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1 COL2
e English
e English
e English

11. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
proc print data=dat1_out1;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1 COL2
e English
e English
e English
By default, without specifying the names of the transposing variables, all the numeric variables from the input data set are transposed.

12. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
proc print data=dat1_out1;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
Default variable names
The SAS System
Obs _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1 COL2
e English
e English
e English

13. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
proc print data=dat1_out1;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1 COL2
e English
e English
e English

14. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
Contain labels
Dat1:
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
proc print data=dat1_out1;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1 COL2
e English
e English
e English

15. THE DEFAULT FORMAT OF TRANPOSED DATA SETS
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out1;
run;
proc print data=dat1_out1;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1 COL2
e English
e English
e English
How to control the names of these variables?

16. CONTROLING THE NAMES OF THE VARIABLES IN THE TRANPOSED DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out2
name=varname
label=labelname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname score_1 score_2
e English
e English
e English

17. CONTROLING THE NAMES OF THE VARIABLES IN THE TRANPOSED DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out2
name=varname
label=labelname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname score_1 score_2
e English
e English
e English

18. CONTROLING THE NAMES OF THE VARIABLES IN THE TRANPOSED DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out2
name=varname
label=labelname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname score_1 score_2
e English
e English
e English

19. CONTROLING THE NAMES OF THE VARIABLES IN THE TRANPOSED DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out2
name=varname
label=labelname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
SUFFIX= option: attach a suffix
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname score_1 score_2
e English
e English
e English

20. CONTROLING THE NAMES OF THE VARIABLES IN THE TRANPOSED DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out2
name=varname
label=labelname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname score_1 score_2
e English
e English
e English

21. CONTROLING THE NAMES OF THE VARIABLES IN THE TRANPOSED DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out2
name=varname
label=labelname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
John’s score
Mary’s score
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname score_1 score_2
e English
e English
e English
How can you change the variable names to score_John and score_Mary?

22. USING THE ID STATEMENT TO LABEL THE NAMES OF THE TRANSPOSED VARIABLES
Dat1:
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out3
label=labelname
name=varname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
id name;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
score_ score_
Obs varname labelname John Mary
e English
e English
e English

23. USING THE ID STATEMENT TO LABEL THE NAMES OF THE TRANSPOSED VARIABLES
Dat1:
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out3
label=labelname
name=varname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
id name;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
score_ score_
Obs varname labelname John Mary
e English
e English
e English

24. USING THE ID STATEMENT TO LABEL THE NAMES OF THE TRANSPOSED VARIABLES
Dat1:
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out4
label=labelname
name=varname
delim=_;
var e1-e3;
id name id;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs varname labelname John_A01 Mary_A02
e English
e English
e English

25. USING THE ID STATEMENT TO LABEL THE NAMES OF THE TRANSPOSED VARIABLES
Dat1:
proc transpose data=dat1
out=dat1_out5
label=labelname
name=varname
prefix=score_;
var e1-e3;
id name;
idlabel id;
run;
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
score_ score_
Obs varname labelname John Mary
e English
e English
e English

26. USING THE ID STATEMENT TO LABEL THE NAMES OF THE TRANSPOSED VARIABLES
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
proc contents data=dat1_out5;
run;
Alphabetic List of Variables and Attributes
# Variable Type Len Label
2 labelname Char LABEL OF FORMER VARIABLE
3 score_John Num A01
4 score_Mary Num A02
1 varname Char NAME OF FORMER VARIABLE

27. TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS THE DEFAULT FORMAT FOR TRANPOSING BY-GROUPS
proc sort data=dat1
out=dat1_sort;
by name;
run;
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out6 ;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
By-variable: Name
The SAS System
Obs name _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1
1 John e English
2 John e English
3 John e English
4 Mary e English
5 Mary e English
6 Mary e English

28. THE DEFAULT FORMAT FOR TRANPOSING BY-GROUPS3
proc sort data=dat1
out=dat1_sort;
by name;
run;
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out6 ;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
By-variable: Name 2
The SAS System
Obs name _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1
1 John e English
2 John e English
3 John e English
4 Mary e English
5 Mary e English
6 Mary e English 6

29. THE DEFAULT FORMAT FOR TRANPOSING BY-GROUPS
proc sort data=dat1
out=dat1_sort;
by name;
run;
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out6 ;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
By-variable: Name 1 1 1
The SAS System
Obs name _NAME_ _LABEL_ COL1
1 John e English
2 John e English
3 John e English
4 Mary e English
5 Mary e English
6 Mary e English

30. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English
COPY statement: copy variable(s) from the input data set directly to the transposed data set

31. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
N = 2 from the input data
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English
number of observations are copied = 2

32. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
3 data set option
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English

33. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English

34. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
Equivalent to...
LABEL= TEST
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English

35. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English

36. USE THE COPY STATEMENT TO COPY VARIABLES FROM THE INPUT DATA SET
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English

37. SITUATIONS FOR USING THE ID STATEMENT FOR TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out7
(rename=(col1=SCORE
_label_=TEST)
drop=_name_
where=(score ne .));
by name;
copy id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
ID statement: used to specify the variable from the input data set that contains the values to rename the transposed variables.
The SAS System
Obs name id TEST SCORE
1 John A01 English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary A02 English
5 Mary English

38. SITUATIONS FOR USING THE ID STATEMENT FOR TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS
proc transpose data=dat1_sort
out=dat1_out8(drop=_name_)
label = TEST;
by name;
id id;
run;
Dat1:
Name Id E1 E2 E3 1
John
A01 89 90 92 2
Mary
A02 . 81
You are using the ID variable (contains two values) to name the transposed variable that was supposed to occupy only one column.
The SAS System
Obs name TEST A01 A02
1 John English
2 John English
3 John English
4 Mary English
5 Mary English
6 Mary English

39. SITUATIONS FOR USING THE ID STATEMENT FOR TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS
Dat2:
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4
Mary
A02 5 81
data dat2;
input name $ id $ exam score;
datalines;
John A
John A
John A
Mary A
Mary A ;

40. SITUATIONS FOR USING THE ID STATEMENT FOR TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS1
Dat2:
proc sort data=dat2
out=dat2_sort;
by name;
run;
proc transpose data=dat2_sort
out=dat2_out1;
var score;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4
Mary
A02 5 81
By-variable: Name 2
The SAS System
Obs name _NAME_ COL1 COL2 COL3
1 John score
2 Mary score 2

41. SITUATIONS FOR USING THE ID STATEMENT FOR TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS
Dat2:
proc sort data=dat2
out=dat2_sort;
by name;
run;
proc transpose data=dat2_sort
out=dat2_out1;
var score;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4
Mary
A02 5 81
The SAS System
Obs name _NAME_ COL1 COL2 COL3
1 John score
2 Mary score

42. SITUATIONS FOR USING THE ID STATEMENT FOR TRANSPOSING BY-GROUPS
Dat2:
proc transpose data=dat2_sort
out=dat2_out2 (drop=_name_)
prefix=test_;
var score;
by name;
id exam;
run;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4
Mary
A02 5 81
The SAS System
Obs name test_1 test_2 test_3
1 John
2 Mary

43. HANDLING DUPLICATES BY USING THE LET OPTION
Dat3:
data dat3;
input name $ id $ exam score;
datalines;
John A
John A
John A
John A
Mary A
Mary A
Mary A ;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4 95 5
Mary
A02 6 81 7 85

44. HANDLING DUPLICATES BY USING THE LET OPTION
Dat3:
proc transpose data=dat3
out=dat3_out1(drop=_name_)
prefix=test_;
var score;
by name;
id exam;
run;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4 95 5
Mary
A02 6 81 7 85

45. HANDLING DUPLICATES BY USING THE LET OPTION
198 proc transpose data=dat3
out=dat3_out1(drop=_name_)
prefix=test_;
201
var score;
by name;
id exam;
205 run;
ERROR: The ID value "test_3" occurs twice in the same BY group.
NOTE: The above message was for the following BY group:
name=John
name=Mary
ERROR: All BY groups were bad.
NOTE: The SAS System stopped processing this step because of errors.
NOTE: There were 7 observations read from the data set WORK.DAT3.
WARNING: The data set WORK.DAT3_OUT1 may be incomplete. When this step was
stopped there were 0 observations and 0 variables.
WARNING: Data set WORK.DAT3_OUT1 was not replaced because this step was stopped.
NOTE: PROCEDURE TRANSPOSE used (Total process time):
real time seconds
cpu time seconds

46. HANDLING DUPLICATES BY USING THE LET OPTION
LET option: keep the last occurrence of a particular ID value within either the entire data set or a BY group.
Dat3:
proc sort data=dat3
out=dat3_sort1;
by name exam score;
run;
proc transpose data=dat3_sort1
out=dat3_out1(drop=_name_)
prefix=test_
let;
var score;
by name;
id exam;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4 95 5
Mary
A02 6 81 7 85

47. HANDLING DUPLICATES BY USING THE LET OPTION
Dat3:
proc sort data=dat3
out=dat3_sort1;
by name exam score;
run;
proc transpose data=dat3_sort1
out=dat3_out1(drop=_name_)
prefix=test_
let;
var score;
by name;
id exam;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4 95 5
Mary
A02 6 81 7 85
Keep the maximum score within each exam
The SAS System
Obs name test_1 test_2 test_3
1 John
2 Mary

48. HANDLING DUPLICATES BY USING THE LET OPTION
Dat3:
proc sort data=dat3
out=dat3_sort2;
by name exam descending score;
run;
proc transpose data=dat3_sort2
out=dat3_out2(drop=_name_)
prefix=test_
let;
var score;
by name;
id exam;
Name Id
Exam
Score 1
John
A01 89 2 90 3 92 4 95 5
Mary
A02 6 81 7 85
Keep the minimum score within each exam
The SAS System
Obs name test_1 test_2 test_3
1 John
2 Mary

49. SITUATIONS FOR TRANSPOSING DATA MORE THAN ONCE
Dat4_Transpose:
Dat4:
Test_num
John_E
John_M
Mary_E
Mary_M 1 89 78 92 76 2 90 . 91 3 81
Name E1 E2 E3 M1 M2 M3 1
John 89 90 92 78 2
Mary . 81 76 91
To transpose from
Dat4  Dat4_Transpose,
we need a “transitional” data set.
Name
Scores
Test_num
Class 1
John 89 E 2 78 M 3
Mary 92 4 76 5 90 6 7 . 8 91 9 10 11 81 12

50. SITUATIONS FOR TRANSPOSING DATA MORE THAN ONCE
Dat4_Transpose:
Dat4:
Test_num
John_E
John_M
Mary_E
Mary_M 1 89 78 92 76 2 90 . 91 3 81
Name E1 E2 E3 M1 M2 M3 1
John 89 90 92 78 2
Mary . 81 76 91
Name
_NAME_
COL1 1
John E1 89 2 E2 90 3 E3 92 4 M1 78 5 M2 6 M3 7
Mary 8 . 9 81 10 76 11 91 12
Name
Scores
Test_num
Class 1
John 89 E 2 78 M 3
Mary 92 4 76 5 90 6 7 . 8 91 9 10 11 81 12

51. SITUATIONS FOR TRANSPOSING DATA MORE THAN ONCE
Dat4_Transpose:
Dat4:
Test_num
John_E
John_M
Mary_E
Mary_M 1 89 78 92 76 2 90 . 91 3 81
Name E1 E2 E3 M1 M2 M3 1
John 89 90 92 78 2
Mary . 81 76 91
Name
_NAME_
COL1 1
John E1 89 2 E2 90 3 E3 92 4 M1 78 5 M2 6 M3 7
Mary 8 . 9 81 10 76 11 91 12
Step1:
proc sort data=dat4
out=dat4_sort1;
by name;
run;
proc transpose data=dat4_sort1
out=dat4_out1;

52. SITUATIONS FOR TRANSPOSING DATA MORE THAN ONCE
Dat4_Transpose:
Dat4:
Test_num
John_E
John_M
Mary_E
Mary_M 1 89 78 92 76 2 90 . 91 3 81
Name E1 E2 E3 M1 M2 M3 1
John 89 90 92 78 2
Mary . 81 76 91
Name
_NAME_
COL1
Test_num
Class 1
John E1 89 E 2 E2 90 3 E3 92 4 M1 78 M 5 M2 6 M3 7
Mary 8 . 9 81 10 76 11 91 12
Step2:
data dat4_out1a;
set dat4_out1;
test_num=substr(_name_,2);
class=substr(_name_,1,1);
run;

53. SITUATIONS FOR TRANSPOSING DATA MORE THAN ONCE
Dat4_Transpose:
Dat4:
Test_num
John_E
John_M
Mary_E
Mary_M 1 89 78 92 76 2 90 . 91 3 81
Name E1 E2 E3 M1 M2 M3 1
John 89 90 92 78 2
Mary . 81 76 91
Name
_NAME_
COL1
Test_num
Class 1
John E1 89 E 2 M1 78 M 3
Mary 92 4 76 5 E2 90 6 M2 7 . 8 91 9 E3 10 M3 11 81 12
Step3:
proc sort data=dat4_out1a
out=dat4_sort2;
by test_num name;
run;

54. SITUATIONS FOR TRANSPOSING DATA MORE THAN ONCE
Dat4_Transpose:
Dat4:
Test_num
John_E
John_M
Mary_E
Mary_M 1 89 78 92 76 2 90 . 91 3 81
Name E1 E2 E3 M1 M2 M3 1
John 89 90 92 78 2
Mary . 81 76 91
Name
_NAME_
COL1
Test_num
Class 1
John E1 89 E 2 M1 78 M 3
Mary 92 4 76 5 E2 90 6 M2 7 . 8 91 9 E3 10 M3 11 81 12
Step4:
proc transpose
data=dat4_sort2
out=dat4_out2(drop=_name_)
delimiter=_;
by test_num;
var col1;
id name class;
run;

55. CONCLUSION
PROC TRANSPOSE is a powerful procedure to perform data transposition
The key to a successful data transposition is knowing when to utilize different options and statements

56. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Jerry Leonard, Technical Support Analyst from SAS Technical Support, for his valuable programming suggestions and insight
I would like to thank SANDS for inviting me to present this paper

57. CONTACT INFORMATION
Arthur Li
City of Hope
Division of Information Science
1500 East Duarte Road
Duarte, CA