1.
New S&A and Initiation Technologies For Safer and More Effective Munitions
PARARI 2019
UNSW Canberra, 5-7 November, 2019
JUNGHANS Defence - Max Perrin, Chief Technical Officer

2. Outline Introduction Fuze and S&A Devices - Basics (Reminder)
S&A and Firing Device Technologies
New Requirements for S&A and Firing Functions in Modern Fuzes
Technical Solutions
Mechanical SAD
Electro-mechanical SAD
Electronic SAD - Focus on LEEFI Technologies MP

3. JUNGHANS Defence – The Fuze Company
Complete range of fuzes for all types of munitions and S&A Devices for missiles
Key competences in Fuzing technologies, Micro-technologies and Ammunition electronics MP

4. Product Range and Competences

5. Reminder - Fuze Functions
Operating Modes
Safety
Terminal Effect Optimization
Operational Flexibility
Point Detonating (Impact)
Time
Target Detection
Terminal Effect Optimization
HoB
Proximity
Air -defence
Impact Delay
Storage, Transportation and Handling Safety
Muzzle Safety /
Safe Separation
Distance
Post-conflict "Safety" MP

6. Main Developments in Fuzing Technologies
Dual safe S&A Device
Mechanical S&A Devices
Miniaturization
Electronic S&A Devices (EFI/LEEFI based)
IM Technologies
Electromechanical S&A Devices
Rocket Motor Safety Ignition
Proximity Sensors
HoB
Air-defence
Impact Detection Technologies
Programmable Airburst –
Fuze Data Link
JUNGHANS Defence provides generic and transverse technologies to meet New operational requirements MP

7. Safety, Arming and Firing Devices TechnologiesMP

8. Back to Basics (Reminder) STANAG 4187 - in short
Fuzing System
Shall include at least two safety features
Control and operation of these safety features: functionally isolated from other processes within the munition system
At least two of the safety features shall be independent
At least one of the independent safety features shall prevent arming after launch or deployment (safe separation distance)
Ensures the safety of the initiation system of the munition payload
Recognizes or determines the circumstances under which the munition payload is intended to function
Enables and initiates the munition’s payload.
Interrupted Explosive Train
Initiator with primary explosive (sensitive)  need firing train interruption (physical barrier)
Non-Interrupted Explosive Train
("in-line")
No primary explosive (high energy initiator)  no firing train interruption MP

9. Back to Basics (Reminder) S&A Device Technologies
Barrier
Interrupted Firing Train
Detonator (Primary explosive)
Lead Charge and Booster (Secondary explosive)
Two Safety Features
Mechanical S&A Device
Mechanical Control and Actuation of the Interrupter or
Electro-mechanical S&A Device
Electronic Control of the Actuation of the Interrupter
Electronic Control
Electronic S&A Device
Non-Interrupted Firing Train
("in-line")
Booster
Electronic Control
EFI (Exploding Foil Initiator)
Slapper Detonator
EFI
U  500V
Secondary explosive
Two Safety Features MP

10. S&A Devices Solutions Current Use and Trends
Mechanical S&A Device
Electro-mechanical S&A Device
Electronic S&A Device
Fuzes for
Tube Launched Munitions
(STANAG 4187, IM)
Fuzes for New Munitions, Small Missiles, Smart Munitions
Fuzes for High-value Missiles,
Aircraft Bombs, Small Missiles, Smart Munitions, Specific Applications MP

11. New Requirements for S&A and Firing Functions in Modern FuzesMP

12. Contribution to Improved Operational Effectiveness
New Requirements for Safety Arming and Firing functions in Modern Fuzes (1/2)
New Needs
Enhanced Safety
New Generation of Conventional Munition/Fuzes (with additional functionalities)
"Smart" Munitions Guided Munitions
Missiles and Complex Weapons (including for UCAV application)
from Medium Caliber
to Large Caliber
Fuze/Munitions
Compatibility with new safety standards
Compatibility with new munitions/fuzes fonctionalities
Contribution to Improved Operational Effectiveness
Enabling flexibility in terminal effect optimization
S&A Unit
FUZE
Munition - Weapon
Initiation of new warheads types MP

13. New Requirements for Safety Arming and Firing functions in Modern Fuzes (2/2)
IM (Insensitive Munitions)
Enhanced Safety
STANAG 4187 (2nd Safety Feature)
Compatibility with new safety standards
STANAG 4368 – Motor ISD
Self-Destruct Feature
Compatibility with new munitions/fuzes fonctionalities +
Overflight Safety
Mission Abort
Modularity
Contribution to Improved Operational Effectiveness
Mode Selection Before Flight / In-Flight
Miniaturization
Shock hardening
Hard Target Fuzing
Enabling flexibility in terminal effect optimization
Tailorable / Scalable Effects
Tunable / Aimable Warhead
Initiation of new warheads types
Collateral Damage Reduction MP

14. Technical solutions For New Generation Safety, Arming and Firing Devices MP

15. Technology Developments Technology Trends
The 3 technologies MSAD, EMSAD and ESAD evolve and develop together, even in different ways
Mechanical S&A Device
Electro-mechanical S&A Device
Electronic S&A Device
Miniaturization (mechanical engineering, energetic materials)
Miniaturization
Size reduction
Implementation of more and more electronics and functions
Cost reduction
New technologies and techniques: microtechnologies, plastic injection, materials
LEEFI Technology
New technologies and techniques: microtechnologies, plastic injection, materials, actuators
High Voltage components
Modularity MP

16. Mechanical S&A Devices New Solutions
Main challenges - Main Features
IM firing train
Compliance with new regulation on chemical and hazardous substances
2nd safety device /STANAG 4187
for munitions not yet compliant
Use of specific materials (high performance plastic material)
Miniaturization
New medium caliber requirements
Miniaturized firing train MP

17. Electronically Controlled S&A Devices
Need for Safety, Arming and Firing Function with:
New Functionalities
More Flexibility
More Control
Electronic Control of the Safety & Arming Function
Control of the arming sequence
Activation / de-activation
Arming / de-arming
Programming / control of arming delay
Processing & Management of safety signals delivered by the weapon / munition
Communication / data-link with the other modules from the fuze, munition or weapon system
Control of several initiation points - Timing Sequence MP

18. New Generation Electronically Controlled S&A Devices - Technical Challenges
New and Main Challenges for the Fuze/SAD Designer
Power supply issues
Low power electronics
Low energy initiators
Design of safety architecture, Fail-safe (Hardware & Software)
Introduction of electronics in mechanical / electromechanical SAD design
Specific integration techniques (electronics)
Potting technologies
Shock filtering and absorption solutions
Mechanical shielding solutions
Resistance to more and more severe environments
Miniaturization MP

19. Electro-mechanical S&A DevicesMP

20. Electro-mechanical SAD Main Principles & Technologies
Firing train interruption by safety barrier (shutter)
Arming operation: firing train alignment by shutter movement
Operated by actuator
Electronically controlled
Technologies
Actuators
Piston actuators (explosive)
Electromagnetic actuators
Fail-safe electronics
Fail-safe software
Possible new technologies
Piezo-motors
MEMS micro-actuators
Detonator (Primary explosive)
Lead Charge and Booster (Secondary explosive)
Two Safety Features
Barrier
Electronic Control MP

21. Electro-mechanical S&A Devices Use in tube-launched ammunition
Exemple of current, in-service product
Tank Ammunition Fuze DM173 for DM11 round (120mm)
Programmable fuze
Impact - Impact Delay
Airburst (from 64ms to 12s)
Self- destruct
SAD operation
Safety criteria: acceleration detection and gas pressure switch
Electronic control of the SAD arming with piston actuator
In production, in service with the German Army and the US Marine Corps MP

22. New Generation Miniaturized Electro-Mechanical SAD
Connection to fuze electronics and to 2nd safety signal
Safety electronic module
22 mm
Train interruption module
+ 1st safety event sensor (mechanical
ɸ 20 mm
Explosive output
Single module incorporating:
Safety electronics
1st safety event sensor
Firing train interruption device
Explosive train
Piston actuator
Explosive output
Integration in a mortar multi-function fuze MP

23. Miniaturized Electro-Mechanical SAD
Qualified in tube launched environment (mortar and artillery)
1st safety event: setback acceleration, mechanical switch integrated in the SAD
2nd safety event: provided by the fuze control electronic module (flight detection sensor, electronic signal)
Adaptable to other type of munitions, with suitable external safety event
"Smart" fuze and Guided munitions fuze, artillery, mortar, etc
Shoulder-launched weapon
Any other warhead S&A devices
Miniaturized Electro-Mechanical SAD
VULCANO Guided Munition
with MEMSAD MP

24. Electronic S&A DevicesMP

25. Company background in ESAD / EFI area
FBM21 Bomb Fuze
Heavyweight Torpedo Fuze
LEEFI ESAD for light missile
AS30LS
ESAD
ASTER (2) ESAD
FBM21 Upgrade (LEEFI)
VT1 ESAD
ASTER ESAD
1990
2000
2010
2015
2020
LEEFI Fireset
Plug-in EFI
LEEFI for Motor Ignition
LEEFI study start (PV)
French MoD contracts
for LEEFI development
Strip line EFI
LEEFI dev.
LEEFI Indust. & Production
1990
2000
2010
2015
2020
30 years experience in ESAD and slapper detonators MP

26. Electronic S&A Device – Main components
Interface Electronics
Control Electronics
(Safety Management)
High Voltage
and
Firing Electronics
EFI
Fireset
Environment/ Safety Event Sensors
Mechanical Structure
ESAD
Explosive pellet
Barrel
Flyer
Fuzing bridge
Substrate
Key components of the fireset
EFI
HV capacitor
HV switch
Voltage converter
EFI (Exploding Foil Initiator)
Slapper Detonator MP

27. "In-Line" S&A Device Technology Main Benefits
High level of insensitivity (IM)
Only secondary explosive
Resistance to electromagnetic and electrostatic disturbances
Resistance to very high mechanical stress (hard target penetration)
Flexibility
Integrated electronic fonctionalities
Easy testing operations, all over the life cycle
Adaptability to various product architectures and form-factors
Modularity
Arm/de-arm reversibility
Multipoint initiation, precise initiation timing (smart warhead)
Compatibility with STANAG 4187 ed.4 et STANAG 4368
"automatical" back to initial safe status MP

28. Electronic SAD, EFI-based
Exemple of current, in-service product
FBM21 Aerial Bomb Fuze
Multirole Fuze: General Purpose and Penetration / Hard target capability. Proximity mode (with external sensor)
For use with 3" fuze pocket bombs, dumb or guided bombs, Paveway II & III, Enhanced Pw II & III, AASM (Hammer), JDAM
In mass-production since 2009, combat proven MP

29. Interface Electronics Environment/ Safety Event Sensors
LEEFI-based ESAD
Interface Electronics
Control Electronics
(Safety Management)
High Voltage
and
Firing Electronics
EFI
LEEFI
(1000 to 1500V)
Fireset
Environment/ Safety Event Sensors
Mechanical Structure
ESAD
1500V capacitor instead of 3000V capacitor
Replacement of Triggered spark gap switch
by new HV switch solution MP

30. LEEFI Technology Main Benefits
Operating voltage reduction
1000/1500 V instead of 2500/3000V
Lower design constraints
Circuit layout is made easier due to reduced voltage
Increased design margin
Smaller size of the Fireset
Smaller circuit design/ layout and smaller high-voltage components
Adaptability to various application sizes and form factors
Higher resistance to high shock
Lower cost of the complete Fireset
Lower voltage enables use of standard components instead of application specific HV components
Enable the use of ESAD solutions in a broad range of applications for both munitions and missiles MP

31. JUNGHANS Defence's LEEFI-Based Fireset Development Main Objectives
Rely on company background, proven through several EFI and ESAD products design and manufacturing
Select key materials and components of the LEEFI and Fireset from secured supply chains
Get a full control on the critical components of the Fireset, including LEEFI to guarantee independence of supply and manufacturing
Design LEEFI/Fireset capable of all expected applications from hard-target weapon to aerial-target weapon, for warheads and rocket motors
Versatile LEEFI-based Fireset and ESAD with robust design to comply with all munition and missile applications MP

32. Main/New Applications for LEEFI Based ESAD
Technology enabler for future ESAD solutions in a broad range of applications
Rocket Motor Ignition
Smart warhead initiation
Guided munitions and small missiles warhead SAD
STANAG 4368 compliance
Possibility of multi-pulse ignition (dual stage motor)
Possible use of TBI (through bulkhead initiation device) or direct ignition of propellant
Adaptation to various form factors
Multi-point initiation for selectable and tailorable effects
Smaller size firesets
Precise control of timing
Possible combination of both Warhead and Rocket Motor safety/firing control device
Distributed Fuzing/SAD functions
Multi-point initiation
Data-link with other system modules MP

33. LEEFI-based Fireset and ESAD Development Programmes
Development programme supported by French MoD (DGA) through R&D contracts, now completed ( )
Development of LEEFI-based ESAD, suitable for several applications, including hard-target fuze
Design/validation of LEEFI-based ESAD able of multipoint initiation (ignition) warhead (up to 6 initiation points)
Objective: obtain mature technology enabling new ESAD/Fuze development
STANAG 4560 Characterisation
Fireset and ESAD performances validated in relevant environment conditions (shock / acceleration, extreme temperatures)
Ongoing new product developments based on these successful technology developments :
 New Generation Aircraft Bomb Fuze
 Fuze for Land Combat Multipurpose Missile
 New Generation Hard Target Fuze
Now implemented in new product developments MP

34. LEEFI and Fireset Key Components
LEEFI design
Plug-in LEEFI component: easy connection/disconnection on the fireset/ESAD
High shock resistance validation: tested on concrete slab firing shock > 10,000g
Optimization of the paramaters, in consistency with the various components of the fireset
STANAG 4560 characterization
HV Switch solution
Design of in-house HV switch solution, hybrid technology
Extensively tested and validated with the whole spectrum of specifications
Tested performances compliant with operational as well as testability requirements
Plug-in LEEFI
Fireset Module
Securing Key components of the LEEFI Fireset MP

35. Examples of Fireset and ESAD Design
Fireset module
Designed in view of distributed multi-point initiation
Link with ESAD Control Electronics, carried out by low-voltage connection
Tested under high-shock condition (hard target penetration)
ESAD with 4 or 6 fireset modules
For multipoint initiation warhead
or for mixed multipoint initiation / motor ignition
Various integration options considered
with fireset integrated inside ESAD/ISD housing
with distributed firesets
with different product architectures and form- factors
ESAD or ISD
Towards Firesets Modules
Design adaptable to various ESAD/ISD configurations MP

36. Rocket Motor Ignition Safety Device LEEFI-based ISD Solutions
STANAG 4368 compliance is now mandatory for new propelled munitions/missiles
Two options considered
Use of TBI device (Through Bulkhead Initiation)
or direct ignition of propellant by LEEFI output
Design and validation of a specific LEEFI version
LEEFI component specifically adapted for rocket motor ignition
Direct ignition of the propellant composition
Small size and cost-effective solution
Video
Firing of LEEFI igniter (for propellant)
LEEFI Technology provides unmatched benefits for Motor Ignition Safety Device design MP

37. Common Electronic Safety & Arming Module The "Modularity" Issue
Main issue: new guided munition or missile applications usually require,
specific interfaces, size, safety events/signals, power supply
specific environment and stress resistance (hard target, or not)
Getting a common and generic S&A solution is a challenge
Such design can really be beneficial to new product developments when it leads to:
a real re-use of the device, in the same housing and interfaces
a possibility to leverage qualification achievements
LEEFI technology is now providing the flexibility to design such versatile solution
Common ESAD
70mm x ɸ 50mm MP

38. Conclusion
Fuzing Systems and in particular, S&A and Firing technologies, are fundamental contributors to Explosive Ordnance capability
Modern S&A and Firing devices have to deal with new requirements for munitions and missiles, in terms of operational effectiveness and safety features
New technologies in microsystems, electronic integration techniques and explosive initiators lead to significant improvements in new generation Safety, Arming and Firing Devices and Fuzing Sytems
Providing additional functions beneficial to modern use of munitions
Enabling the use of these technologies in a broader range of application MP

39. Max Perrin
Chief Technical Officer