1. Ch 7 LT: I can understand the importance of trade routes
Opener:
What do you remember about the Silk Road, Indian Ocean Trade Route and the Trans-Saharan Trade Route.

2. Reasons for Long Distance Trade
Uneven distribution of resources and goods
Different ecological zones
Monopolization of certain goods
Silk- China
Spices- SE Asia

3. Overview 500-1500 Development of long-distance trades
Reshaping of culture and society
Mainly indirect
Chain of separate transactions
Goods traveled farther than merchants (relay system)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Overview

4. Significance of Trade Economic Altered consumption
Salt to preserve food (evidence)
Changed day to day life
Trade specialization leads to less self efficiency

5. Social Traders = new social groups
Trade become a means of social mobility
Trade distinguished elites from commoners
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

6. States and kingdoms develop to control and tax trade
Political
States and kingdoms develop to control and tax trade
Wealth from trade sustains these kingdoms
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

7. What do you know about the SILK ROAD
What do you know about the SILK ROAD? Where did it start and where did it end?
web-shannon-harris-castelo

8. The Silk Road- Its Growth
Origins
Different ecological zones led to steppe products being traded for agricultural and manufactured goods
Steppe products= hides, furs, horses, saddles and wool

9. Classical Civilizations (like the HAN) add to the continued growth
Expansion
Classical Civilizations (like the HAN) add to the continued growth
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

10. MOST goods were luxury goods
Goods on the Silk Road
MOST goods were luxury goods
Destined for elites and wealthy markets
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

11. SILK Highest demand luxury good Used as currency in Central Asia
Symbol of high status
Used in expanding religions
Buddhism- worn by monks
Christianity – altar covers
Volume of trade=small
Social and economic impact=HUGE
Peasants in China quit farming to make silk
Merchants made huge profits

12. Spread of Buddhism Major result of trade Spread by monks and merchants
India to Central Asia to East Asia
Spread to Central Asia
Voluntary conversion
“Linked” small cities to India
Became centers of learning and commerce
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

13. Transformation of Buddhism
Theravada to Mahayana to Tibetan
Theravada
Shunned material world
Mahayana
Elaborate and expensive monasteries
Wealthy monks
Tibetan
Look in your AMSCO 1.1

14. Other “Trade” Items Technological innovations Disease
Athens ( BCE)
Epidemic killed 25% of army
Rome and Han
Mediterranean World ( CE)
Measles and smallpox
Black Plague (Black Death)
Bubonic plague
Plants and animals

15. Timeline Of The Silk Road

16. Dynasties in China

17. Indian Ocean Trade Network
Get a computer-
Go to my website- Go to AP World and Indian Ocean Trade Assignment – You have ALL period to use to complete your work and you can use your elbow partner to help you.  DUE THURSDAY at the Beginning of class

19. WHAT YOU MUST KNOW
1. This is THE trading network of this period THIS is the network the Europeans (Columbus and friends) are trying to reach after Mostly peaceful exchange of goods have taken place here for millenia. 4. Trade here was more focused on everyday bulk items like timber and textiles rather than silk and porcelain. 5. All the big travellers in this period used this route (Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo, and Zhenghe)

20. Economic Aspects of the Indian Ocean Trade Routes
Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures and environmental processes.
Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro–Eurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China. 
The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks. 
The economy of Song China became increasingly commercialized while continuing to depend on free peasant and artisanal labor.

21. State (Governance) Aspects of the Indian Ocean Trade Route
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions.
As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity. 
Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule. 
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.
Muslim states and empires encouraged significant intellectual innovations and transfers. 
Inter-regional contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the Mongols, encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers, including during Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He.

22. Expansion of Communication and Exchange
Improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes—including the Silk Roads, trans-Saharan trade network, and Indian Ocean—promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities.
The Indian Ocean trading network fostered the growth of states.
The growth of inter-regional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including the caravanserai, forms of credit, and the development of money economies as well as the use of the compass, the astrolabe and larger ship designs.
The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks, and innovations in agriculture and manufacturing.
The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds. The growth of inter-regional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies.

23. Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion, and Islam subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis.
In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up diasporic communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures and, in turn, indigenous cultures influenced merchant cultures. 
As exchange networks intensified, an increasing number of travelers within Afro– Eurasia wrote about their travels. 
Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovation. 
Chinese cultural traditions continued, and they influenced neighboring regions. 
Buddhism and its core beliefs continued to shape societies in Asia and included a variety of branches, schools, and practices.
Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.
Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia.
There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens, with epidemic diseases, including the bubonic plague, along trade routes.

24. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

25. City of Timbuktu- drawn by 1st European to visit and return from Timbuktu alive… Notice the Djinguereberer Mosque)

26. 13th CENTURY SLAVE MARKET IN YEMEN

27. In East Africa, a civilization known as Swahili (also a language) emerged in the eighth century CE, stretching from present-day Somalia to Mozambique
But with rise of Islam, increased commerce on western Indian Ocean
Between 1000 and 1500 flourished
   -Independent city-states
   -Exchanged goods from interior and exchanged for products from distant civilizations
   -Language was grammatically African within Bantu family but written in Arabic script and containing a number of Arabic loan words
   -Culture rapidly became Islamic

29. West Africa
Trans-African trade connected North Africa and West Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa
Especially important salt for gold trade
Introduction of camel led to initiation of trans-Saharan commerce by 300 to 400 CE
Islam entered West Africa along trade routes
Sahara was no longer a barrier
The West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged
Sale of slaves from non-Islamic and stateless societies farther south 

30. Sundiata- Father of Mali

31. The states of Sudanic Africa developed substantial urban and commercial centers – such as Koumbi-Saleh, Jenne, Timbuktu, Gao, Gobir, and Kano.
Djinguereberer Mosque

32. But far more significant in Europe were slaves from the Slavic-speaking regions along the northern coast of the Black Sea.  They were so numerous that the word “slave” in many European languages derives from the term “Slav.”

33. 1. The Sub-Saharan world joined the Global Tapestry via this trade route. 2. Sources are limited on this route compared to the others (Ibn Battuta was the first person to go from north of the Sahara and back and write about it and he died in 1369!) 3. The goods being traded along this route are simple: Salt, Gold, Slaves. 4. This area will become overwhelmingly Islamic due to their trading partners across the desert (think Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage) 5. Timbuktu is your major trade city to know. It was the Sub-Saharan center of knowledge and culture for centuries.
 6. In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up   diasporic communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures and, in turn, indigenous cultures influenced merchant cultures

34. OPENER
What has been your longest travel trip ever?

35. In the Americas, geographic factors  (mountains and rain forests) added obstacles to trade.  The north/south orientation of the Americas slowed the spread of agricultural products due to differing climatic zones but nonetheless, there was “a loosely interactive web stretching from the North American Great Lakes and upper Mississippi south to the Andes” and there were also trade within powerful empires (Mayas, Aztecs, Incas).
A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction, within and across regions, contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies.

36. What BIG themes do you see?
What evidence do you have to PROVE the BIG THEME?

38. Map time
Books- 340
What do you see
What does this tell us?

40. Tasks 1.) take out tests, scantrons and yellow correction sheet
2.) take out your textbook AND your notebook.
Label today's section- SAQ and claim/thesis

41. SKILLS DAY Part 1- SAQs
A.) Describe one cultural similarity between the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean Trade Routes.
B.) Identify and explain one technological difference between the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean Trade Routes. C.) Explain one economic difference between the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean Trade Routes. 

42. How to answer A B C

43. Open books to 316- Creating a claim thesis) for a DBQ and LEQ essay.
"In the world of 500  (600)-1500 (1450), long-distance trade become more important than ever before in linking and shaping distant societies and people."
Is this an effective claim?
Yes- 3 reasons why.
1.) the statement is evaluative, meaning it sets up an argument
-you are telling the reader that they will be proving that trade became MORE important in this period
2.) the Claim is specific
-it's not claiming that trade has always been important at all times and in all places, which is both obvious and too broad to definitively prove.
-the claim narrows in on the impact of long-distance trade in a specific period, making a manageable argument. SOOO- if the test gives you a time period- make sure that it is in your claim/thesis
3.) the claim is a statement that can be supported by specific evidence
- the reader can anticipate the author (YOU) will draw on specific examples to demonstrate the “linking and shaping” as well as the relative importance of trade in the period.

44. “Cause A is more important that Cause B.” is an evaluative statement.
A good claim can’t just state an obvious fact or give a list of causes or factors. It has to be EVALUATIVE…meaning making a judgement.
“Cause A is more important that Cause B.” is an evaluative statement.
“Cause A and Cause B.” are both important because it is not an evaluative claim, because it is not evaluating the relative importance of two causes.
You need to write evaluative statements because you are now historians. (you are studying history)
Your claim should be a roadmap to what you are going to going to write in your essay.
Practice makes perfect!!!
Notice on MCQ’s you have to evaluate the claims of others.
Excerpt from a historian – the question will have you choose the best answer that represents the historian’s claims.