1. BACTERIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcXdfofLoj0 (2min 11 sec)
Unicellular Organisms
Prokaryotes (no true nucleus)

2. BACTERIAL STRUCTURE Characteristics:
Rigid cell walls (can be damaged by antibiotics).
No membrane bound organelles
No nucleus just a central chromosome (DNA) or nucleoid that floats in the centre of the cytoplasm.
Bacteria do have ribosomes
No mitochondria or chloroplasts

3. BACTERIAL STRUCTURE Chomosome (DNA - controls cell)
Plasmid (DNA – extra, can give antibiotic resistance)
Cytoplasm (fluid inside cell)
Cell wall (maintains cell shape)
Cell membrane (controls what entres & exits the cell)
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
Flagella (for movement [motility])
Pili (sticks bacteria to other cells )
Capsule (slimy outer layer -protects)

4. BACTERIAL SHAPES & COLONIES
cocci - round (coccus singular)
bacilli - rod-shaped (bacillus)
coccobacillus
spirilli - spiral-shaped (spirillum)
Colonies:
diplo - cells arranged in pairs
staphylo - cells arranged in clusters (grapes)
strepto - cells arranged in a chain

5. Arrangements of Cocci

6. Shapes and Arrangements
Coccus – Spherical or oval bacteria
STREPTOCOCCUS
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

7. Shapes and Arrangements
Bacilli – Rod-Shaped
COCCOBACILLUS
BACILLUS ANTRACIS

8. Shapes and Arrangements
Spirals
Vibrio – curved, comma-shaped
Spirillum – thick, rigid spiral
Spirochete – thin, flexible spiral
VIBRIO FISCHERI
SPIROCHETE

9. ENERGY SOURCES CARBON SOURCES 1. Light energy
2. Energy from the chemical breakdown of inorganic compounds (ex rocks)
CARBON SOURCES
1. Inorganic CO2 - Autotrophs (producers)
2. Organic carbon - Heterotrophs (consumers)

10. OXYGEN TOLERANCE 1. Aerobic – need O2
(ex - decomposers, skin bacteria etc....)
2. Anaerobic – O2 is toxic it kills these bacteria
(ex – decomposers [causes compost to smell],
botulism bacteria, etc.....)
3. Facultative anaerobes
– can live with or without O2
(ex - decomposers, bacteria used to make wine
& beer[with O2 the bacteria makes acid ] etc....)

11. Biological Role Decomposition (organic materials)
Food digestion (symbiotic bacteria - mutualism)
Disease (Parasites)
Plant Growth (fix nitrogen - mutualism)
Human Food (cheese, yogurt, …)
Production of food /O2 (part of food chain)

12. Methods of Reproduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sZ5Nz8_cfc
Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria:
Binary Fission
Repeated doubling called exponential growth
Single chromosome replicates (doubles)
Cell grows then divides in two
Each new daughter cell receives one identical piece of DNA

13. “Sexual” Reproduction in Bacteria (changing the DNA to increase genetic diversity)
1) Conjugation:
Bacterial cells become linked with pili.
One bacterium transfers all or part of the chromosome or a plasmid to another bacteria.

14. 3) Transduction 2) Transformation Extracellular DNA uptake
Bacteria can take up a piece of DNA floating free in the environment
Scientists use this to trick bacteria into making products that we need (ex insulin)
3) Transduction
Some viruses (bacteriophages) can inject DNA into bacteria
We can use these viruses to
Get bacteria make products we need or
Kill bacteria we don’t want (virus acts as parasite in a host bacteria) (4.5min)