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Chapter 4 “Chemical Names and Formulas”

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1 Chapter 4 “Chemical Names and Formulas”
H2O Chapter 4 “Chemical Names and Formulas” Modified and adapted from Pre-AP Chemistry Charles Page High School Stephen L. Cotton

2 The student will: SWBAT’2
classify the type of bond that forms between two given elements. write the chemical symbol/name given the name/chemical symbol of an element. classify a given compound as ionic or molecular.   given a sheet of common ions, represent an ionic compound in multiple ways--using words and chemical formula.   represent a molecular compound in multiple ways-- using words, chemical formula and diagrams.   represent the seven common diatomic molecules in multiple ways-- using words, chemical formula and diagrams.

3 SWBAT Scale 4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s 3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT 2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help 1: I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help 0: I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!

4 Section 4.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases
OBJECTIVES: Apply three rules for naming acids.

5 Section 4.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases
OBJECTIVES: Apply the rules in reverse to write formulas of acids.

6 Section 4.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases
OBJECTIVES: Apply the rules for naming bases.

7 Acids are… Compounds that give off hydrogen ions (H1+) when dissolved in water (the Arrhenius definition) Will start the formula with H. There will always be some Hydrogen next to an anion. The anion determines the name.

8 Acids Acids are ionic compounds (cation + anion) H+ is the cation
All acids start with H When acids dissolve into ion pairs, they produce H+ HCl  H+ + Cl- HNO3  H+ + NO3-

9 Acids Binary Acid (w/out oxygen) OxyAcids (w/ oxy.)
composed of H & a monatomic anion written as “hydro-(name of anion)-ic acid” OxyAcids (w/ oxy.) composed of H & an oygen containing anion written as “(name polyatomic anion) -ic acid”

10 Video Watch Tyler Dewitt demonstrate how to write names for Common Acids Naming Acids Introduction

11 Rules for Naming acids: Name it as a normal compound first
If the anion attached to hydrogen ends in -ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic acid HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion = hydrochloric acid H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion = hydrosulfuric acid

12 Naming Acids If the anion has oxygen in it, then it ends in -ate or -ite change the suffix -ate to -ic acid (use no prefix) Example: HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions = Nitric acid change the suffix -ite to -ous acid (use no prefix) Example: HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions = Nitrous acid

13 Naming Acids ____-ide ____-ate ____-ite hydro-___-ic acid
Normal ending ____-ide ____-ate ____-ite Acid name is… hydro-___-ic acid _____-ic acid _____-ous acid

14 2 additional rules (not mentioned in the book)
If the acid has 1 more oxygen than the –ic acid, add the prefix per- HClO3 (Hydrogen Chlorate) is chloric acid HClO4 would be perchloric acid If there is 1 less oxygen than the ous acid, add the prefix hypo- HClO2 (Hydrogen Chlorite) is chlorous acid, then HClO would be hypochlorous acid

15 Remember; When Naming Acids ….
When the anion ends in —ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro- & the —ide changes to —ic followed by the word acid. HCl = hydrochloric acid. When the anion ends in —ite, the —ite changes to —ous, followed by the word acid.  HClO2 = Chlorous acid. When the anion ends in —ate, the —ate changes to —ic, followed by the word acid.  HClO3 = Chloric acid

16 Practice Naming Acids Formula Anion Name Name H2S H2SO4 H2SO3

17 Practice Naming Acids Formula Anion Name Name H2S Sulfide H2SO4
Sulfate H2SO3 Sulfite

18 Practice Naming Acids Formula Anion Name Name H2S Sulfide
Hydrosulfuric Acid H2SO4 Sulfate Sulfuric Acid H2SO3 Sulfite Sulfurous Acid

19 Practice by naming these:
HF H3P H2SO4 H2SO3 HCN H2CO3

20 Answers Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrophosphoric Acid Sulfuric Acid
Sulfurous Acid Hydrocyanic Acid Carbonic Acid

21 No PxQy P=H? Yes Acid Compound Does anion contain oxygen? Yes No Oxy-Acid “-ate -> -ic” “-ite -> -ous” Binary Acid -use “Hydro-” & “-ic”

22 Writing Acid Formulas – in reverse!
Hydrogen will be listed first The name will tell you the anion Be sure the charges cancel out. Starts with prefix hydro?- there is no oxygen, -ide ending for anion no prefix hydro? -ate anion comes from –ic ending -ite anion comes from –ous ending

23 Write the Formula Name Cation Anion Formula Hydroiodic Acid
Nitric Acid Nitrous Acid

24 Write the Formula Name Cation Anion Formula Hydroiodic Acid H+ I-
Nitric Acid NO3- Nitrous Acid NO2-

25 Write the Formula Name Cation Anion Formula Hydroiodic Acid H+ I- HI
Nitric Acid NO3- HNO3 Nitrous Acid NO2- HNO2

26 Write formulas for these:
hydroiodic acid acetic acid carbonic acid phosphorous acid hydrobromic acid

27 Answers HCl HCH3COO or CH3COOH H2CO3 H3PO4 HBr

28 Names and Formulas for Bases
A base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH1-) when dissolved in water (the Arrhenius definition) Bases are named the same way as other ionic compounds: The name of the cation (which is a metal) is followed by the name of the anion (which will be hydroxide).

29 Names and Formulas for Bases
NaOH is sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is calcium hydroxide To write the formula: Write the symbol for the metal cation followed by the formula for the hydroxide ion (OH1-) then use the criss-cross method to balance the charges.

30 Practice by writing the formula for the following:
Magnesium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide Zinc hydroxide

31 Answers Mg(OH)2 Fe(OH) 3 Zn(OH) 2

32 The student will: SWBAT’2
classify the type of bond that forms between two given elements. write the chemical symbol/name given the name/chemical symbol of an element. classify a given compound as ionic or molecular.   given a sheet of common ions, represent an ionic compound in multiple ways--using words and chemical formula.   represent a molecular compound in multiple ways-- using words, chemical formula and diagrams.   represent the seven common diatomic molecules in multiple ways-- using words, chemical formula and diagrams.

33 SWBAT Scale 4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s 3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT 2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help 1: I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help 0: I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!


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