1. Warm-Up – Use notes to answer…
Who was the first ruler to use firearms effectively in battle in Japan?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Kangxi
Oda Nobunaga
Hirohito
The Tokugawa Shogunate was a type of
Cultural institution
Military government
Religious authority
Commercial partnership or organization

2. Seppuku-the honorable method of taking one’s own life practiced by men of the samurai (military) class in feudal Japan.
The proper method was to plunge a short sword into the left side of the abdomen, draw the blade across to the right, and then turn it upward. It was considered exemplary form to stab again below the chest and press downward across the first cut, and then to pierce one’s throat.
There were two kinds of seppuku: voluntary and obligatory.

3. Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals Chapter 18 – Pages 507-521
AKS 41: The Muslim World
Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals
Chapter 18 – Pages

4. Ottoman Empire: Osman (Othman) (1300-1326)
Ottoman Empire named for him
Established a small Muslim state in Anatolia

5. Ottoman Empire: Mehmed II (1444-1446, 1451-1481)
Conquered Constantinople in 1453 – he renamed it Istanbul
Opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds

7. Ottoman Empire: Selim the Grim (1512-1520)
Defeated Safavids in 1514 at the Battle of Chaldiran
Captured Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (the intellectual center of Muslim world)

9. Ottoman Empire: Suleyman the Lawgiver (1520-1566)
Given the title of “Lawgiver” for simplifying the system of taxation, government reform, & cultural achievements

11. Safavid Empire: Isma’il (1501-1524)
Conquered Persia (Iran)
Took title of “shah” (king) to celebrate
Lost Battle of Chaldiran to Selim of Ottoman Empire

12. Safavid Empire: Tahmasp (1524-1576)
Adopted use of artillery with his military forces
Expanded Safavid up to Caucasus Mtns (NE of Turkey)

13. Safavid Empire: Shah Abbas (1587-1629)
Reformed military & civilian life
Created 2 new armies loyal to him alone to maintain empire
One army - Persians
One army recruited from Christian North
Both armies had artillery

15. Mughal Empire: Babur (1494-1530)
Inherited kingdom – elders took it away & drove him south
Raised army, swept south into modern-day India – laid foundation for Mughal Empire

17. Mughal Empire: Akbar (1556-1605)
“A monarch should ever be intent on conquest, otherwise his neighbors rise in arms against him.” - Akbar
Mughal Empire: Akbar ( )
Also known as the “Great One” because he added more territory than any other Mughal emperor
Unified land of at least 100 million people
Equipped his army with heavy artillery
Turned enemies into allies

19. Mughal Empire: Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
Master military strategist; aggressive empire builder
Expanded Mughal holdings to their greatest size, but power weakened during his reign

21. Warm-Up Haiku is a type of
Riddle in Zen Buddhism
Ritual suicide
Fortified castle
Literature
For which empire did Babur lay the foundation?
Mughal Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mongol Empire

22. Ottoman Empire: Religion
Islam
Granted freedom of worship to Christians
Allowed religious community (millet) to follow its own religious laws & practices
Head of millets reported to sultan
Kept conflict among people of different religions to a minimum

23. Ottoman Empire: Law Followed Islamic law (Sharia)
Suleyman created a law code to handle criminal & civil actions

24. Ottoman Empire: The Arts
Popular subjects – poetry, history, geography, astronomy, math, architecture
Art and literature flourished – similar to the European Renaissance
Combined with Turkish style (cultural blending)

25. Safavid Empire: Religion
Tolerant of other religions
Abbas brought members of Christian religious orders into empire
Result: Europeans moved in – industry, trade, & art exchanges grew

26. Safavid Empire: Law Abbas reformed government
Punished corruption severely
Promoted only officials who proved competence & loyalty
Hired foreigners for government

27. Safavid Empire: The Arts
Chinese artisans worked with Safavid artists - metalwork, mini paintings, calligraphy, glasswork, tile work, & pottery
Most Important: Persian carpets
Demand from the West turned it into an industry
Cultural blending everywhere

28. Mughal Empire: Religion
Akbar (Muslim) – defended religious freedom
Proved tolerance by marrying wives of different religions
Abolished tax on Hindu pilgrims & non-Muslims

29. Mughal Empire: Law Bureaucracy
Natives & foreigners could hold high office
Tax policy successful (similar to U.S.)
Land policies had mixed results

30. Mughal Empire: The Arts
Cultural blending common
Arts flourished, especially in the form of book illustrations (miniatures)
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal
In memory of his wife