1. Water Proofing

2. Col (Retd) Harry Sidhu, FIE
B.Sc Engg (Civil), M Tech (Structures)
LM ICI, LM ISWE, LM ISCMS, LM ISET
Chartered Engineer

3. Ex Additional Chief Engineer, Chandigarh Zone
Ex Technical Advisor to ‘MC Bauchemie (I) Pvt Ltd’ & ‘McCoy Silicones’
Visiting Faculty to ‘National Technical Teachers Training & Research Institute’, Chandigarh for PG Students

4. Column Expert on Waterproofing: HT Estates, Hindustan Times, Delhi & Chandigarh
Ex Consultant to Chandigarh Administration on Waterproofing
Ex Consultant to CE Chandigarh Zone (MES) on Waterproofing
Ex Consultant to CE Bhatinda Zone (MES) on Waterproofing

5. External Examiner for M
External Examiner for M.Tech/ ME Students IIT Mumbai, Punjab University & TIET Patiala (Deemed to be University)
Consultant for Structural Design, Rehabilitation and Waterproofing
Consultant for Soil & Civil Material Testing

6. What is Damp Proofing?
DAMP PROOFING IS ACTUALLY THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER: THE ART OF MAKING FLOW OF WATER EASIER, KEEPING INSIDE WATER IN & OUTSIDE WATER OUT

7. Waterproofing/Damp proofing!!
Treatment of a Surface or Structure
to prevent passage of water in the:
Presence of Hydrostatic Pressure
- Waterproofing
Absence of Hydrostatic Pressure
- Damp Proofing
As per ACI Committee 515

8. Sources of Leakage/Dampness
Roofs & Terraces
Parapet & Roof Junction
Crumple Joints
Sunken Floors

9. Sources of Leakage/Dampness
Defective DPC
Porous Masonry, RWP’s, Chajjas, Window Cills etc
Leaking Water meters, Service Tanks, pipes etc

10. Roofs

11. This is how are Roof Tops are Generally maintained

12. Potential Leakage Areas from Terraces
Parapet Junctions
Depressed Tiles
RWP

13. Crumple Joints

14. Loads on Crumple Joint DL+LL Tarfelt Slab Thermal Stresses
Seismic Forces

15. Crumple Joint Under Loads
Slab
Tarfelt
Thermal Stresses
DL+LL
Seismic Forces

16. The way joints are generally Sealed
Disintegrated Polysulphide

17. JOINT COVERED !!

18. Cracked Cover of the Building Joint

19. Cracked Polysulphide

20. Wet Areas

21. Dampness in Sunken Floors
Floor Finish
Ceramic Tiles
Dampness in Sunken Floors
Neat Cement Joint
Accumulated Water

22. Leakage through Floor Traps
Finished Floor Level
Major
Source of
Leakage
Floor Traps

23. RISING DAMPNESS IN WALLS

26. Rise of Water by Capillary Action
Rise related to Capillary Diameter
Considering average capillary dia in masonry, the rise is roughly 1.5 mtrs

27. Rise of Ground Water into Walls
Sub Base
Skirting
Floor GL
DPC
GWT

28. Entry of Surface Water into Walls
Skirting
Floor GL
Sub Base
DPC

29. Water Proof
Water Repellent

30. Water Repellency

31. Major Cause of Porosity
Uncontrolled Water Cement Ratio

32. Continuous Capillaries in Concrete

33. Water/Cement Ratio V/s Permeability
Coefficient of Permeability

34. AGE AT WHICH CAPILLARIES BECOME SEGMENTED
W/C RATIO
TIME REQUIRED
0.40
3 days
0.45
7 days
0.50
14 days
0.60
6 months
0.70
1 year
over 0.70
Impossible

35. Effect of W/C Ratio on Concrete
Workability with Plasticizer
Strength/Workability
Water Cement Ratio

36. Water Cement Ratio !!
All Said & Done ‘The Man’ with the “Dibba” at the Mixer Continues to control this vital factor at most sites. What are we doing about it?

37. How to Reduce W/C Ratio?
Use Plasticisers

38. Plasticisers/ Super Plasticizers
These are workability enhancers/water reducers
Can be used as accelerators or retarders
Air Entraining Agents
Must comply with IS 9103

39. Review of use of Bituminous Products for Waterproofing
Not Compatible to most building materials
Not Breathable
Not Resistant to UV Rays

40. Review of use of Bituminous products for Waterproofing
Uniform Application difficult due to viscosity
Generally grade 80/100 used instead of 80/20 or 85/25.
Over coating by tarfelt/polythene sheets prone to wrinkles & folds

41. Review of use of Bituminous products for Waterproofing
Subsequent application by different materials not possible. Coatings have to be chipped off
Prone to Blistering & Pealing
Not Eco Friendly

42. Prerequisites of Waterproofing Systems
Breathability
Compatibility
Ease of Application
Flexibility against thermal movement

43. Prerequisites of Waterproofing Systems
Wear Resistance
Bonding with substrate
Eco Friendly
Cost effectiveness

44. Selection of Materials
Load carrying capacity of basic substrate
Criteria for abrasion/chemical resistance & color
Geometry of surface

45. Selection of Materials….
Slope and inclination of Roof
Climatic conditions viz thermal & rainfall
Level of GWT & presence of chemicals

46. Selection of Materials….
Accessibility during repair & service conditions
Crack Bridging Capability
Maintenance requirements & criteria

47. Stages involved in Waterproofing
Investigation & Diagnosis
Selection of materials & systems
Design & specifications for the system

48. Stages involved in Waterproofing
Application & Supervision
Maintenance

49. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS Mud Phuska & Tiles over Bitumen
Brick Bat Coba/ Lime Terracing
Ferro Cement Topping
Tar Felt Treatment

50. MODERN SYSTEMS Grouting Modified Bituminous Systems
Single Ply Membranes

51. MODERN SYSTEMS
Liquid Membranes
Cementitious Slurries
Joint Sealants

52. Cementitious Slurries
Non Elastic
Semi Elastic
Elastic
Crystallisation Systems
Show samples of coatings

53. The Condition Before Ponding of 100mm through Seepage every Hour

54. Totally Dry within 24 Hours!!

55. Waterproofing by Crystallization

56. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BASEMENT WATERPROOFING FROM OUTSIDE
Sketch 1
Penetron 500 gm per sq m
15mm x 15mm Groove filled with ‘Penetron’ Mortar covered with Concave Gola in mortar 1: 4
Penetron 1.4 Kg per sq m
(Refer Detail)
DETAIL AT ‘A’ A
PCC 1:4:8
Note: Polymer modified Non shrink pressure Grouting selectively at the time of testing

57. Is use of Integral WPC Enough?

58. The Cost Factor Cheapest is not the best
Specifications have to be cost effective but do not compare with something that is ineffective

59. The Cost Factor For anything good one has to pay the price
Do not cling to the past for ever.
Time for change has come & it is now. We have to pay the price.

60. Performance of Products
One Man’s Experience when Products Fail!!
Embarrassment
Dangerous
Responsible Material Supplier
Correct Application Critical
Correction of Specifications Essential
No Problem

61. LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY
Why do we Fail?
MENTAL BLOCK
&
LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY

62. Thank you
Col (Retd) Harry Sidhu