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CHAPTER 11: NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

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Presentation on theme: "CHAPTER 11: NORTHWESTERN EUROPE"— Presentation transcript:

1 CHAPTER 11: NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

2 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Beginning course details and/or books/materials needed for a class/project.

3 LANDFORMS Northern European Plain: stretches from southeastern England across Germany Southern edge very fertile Covered in LOESS: fine, yellowish topsoil made of silt and clay, carried and deposited by wind A schedule design for optional periods of time/objectives.

4 LANDFORMS CONTINUED Alps are just south of NEP
Created by folding crust Shaped by glaciation Forms a crescent running from southern France, through Switzerland and Austria, into the Balkan Peninsula Mont Blanc is highest peak (15,771 ft) Objectives for instruction and expected results and/or skills developed from learning.

5 LANDFORMS CONTINUED Central Uplands Lies between Alps and NEP
Low, rounded mountains, hills, plateaus, scattered forests Rich in natural resources Relative vocabulary list.

6 FINAL LANDFORMS British Isles
Consist of 2 large islands: Great Britain and Ireland Thousands of small islands Rocky cliffs on coast Mountains, plateaus, valleys in north Low hills, rolling plains in south A list of procedures and steps, or a lecture slide with media.

7 NETHERLANDS AND WATER 25% of country is below sea level
Dutch have built DIKES: large banks of earth and stone that hold back water Created POLDERS: low- lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new land Example graph/chart.

8 RIVERS Thames River: England; runs through London
Rhine River: most important in NW Euro; flows from Swiss Alps into Netherlands Seine River: begins in central France and flows to English Channel Example graph/chart.

9 RIVERS CONTINUED Loire: largest in France
Rhône River: begins in Swiss Alps, flows through France; important for hydroelectric power Danube River: runs from Germany’s Black Forest (Schwarzwald) into Eastern Europe; empties into Black Sea Conclusion to course, lecture, et al.

10 CLIMATE Mild climate throughout
Due to North Atlantic Current (warm ocean current) Warm water is brought from the Caribbean and travels along Northwestern Europe An opportunity for questions and discussions.

11 CLIMATE CONTINUED Wind blows warm air across Northern European Plain
Reaches Alps and cools MISTRAL: northerly wind from the Alps that cools southern France FOEHNS: dry, winter wind blowing down leeward side of Alps; melts snow, causes avalanches

12 BIOMES Mild climate creates soils rich in humus (decaying leaves and organic material) Mix of deciduous and coniferous trees Wildlife: deer, bears, numerous songbirds

13 NATURAL RESOURCES Abundant coal and iron
Vast oil deposits under the North Sea Substantial timber Hydroelectric power Peat in Ireland

14 SECTION 2: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
A long, complex history shaped by migration, ethnic differences, wars, revolutions, and peaceful integration. It’s like one big soap opera.

15 ROMAN INFLUENCE Rome built towns, roads, and cities throughout Europe
Christianity became official religion of Rome and spread Rome’s collapse left Europe vulnerable to Germanic tribes

16 CRUSADES 1095 A.D.: Pope Urban II calls for Christians to reclaim Holy Land Unsuccessful but did open trade Ideas and technology spread

17 RENAISSANCE Late 1400s Renewed interest in cultures of ancient Greece and Rome Inspired major changes in art, politics, culture, and religion

18 PROTESTANT REFORMATION
1517: Martin Luther nails 95 Theses to church door Wanted to reform Catholic Church Created Protestantism Weakened power of Catholic Church

19 ENLIGHTENMENT Early 1700s A movement that values reason and questioning tradition Created a sense that society can improve Enlightenment philosophers influenced the creation of the U.S.

20 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Mid-1700s Going from human labor to machines Great Britain is epicenter

21 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CONT.
IR helped create INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM: businesses use profits to expand company Poor working conditions for labor Leads to rise of COMMUNISM: idea that society should be based on public ownership and communal control of property

22 WORLD WAR I ( ) Central Powers (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) vs. Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia) Treaty of Versailles: ; blamed Germany, demanded reparations Angered Germany

23 WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) Adolf Hitler takes control of Germany in 1933
Leader of Nazi Party (National Socialist German Worker’s Party) Carried out HOLOCAUST: mass murder of 6 million Jews during WWII

24 COLD WAR Def: the power struggle btwn USSR and the US after WWII
Germany divided into East and West (Berlin Wall) Reunited in (thanks David Hasselhoff)

25 EUROPEAN UNION 1957: Treaty of Rome signed, creating the European Economic Community (EEC) 2009: Lisbon Treaty finalizes legal aspects of the union European Union is official

26 SECTION 3: PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

27 HUMAN IMPACT NW Europe consumes lrg amts of nat. resources and produce a lot of waste This increases pollution Overfishing has depleted resource Roads and railways have isolated animals

28 IMPACT CONTINUED Manufacturing and heavy use of vehicles has increased air pollution Increased ACID DEPOSITION: wet and dry airborne acids that fall to the ground

29 ADDRESSING THE ISSUES EU countries now face legal action with environmental laws Burn natural gas instead of coal Climate change a big concern there

30 KYOTO PROTOCOL KYOTO PROTOCOL: amendment to the international treaty on climate change designed to reduce amt of greenhouse gases emitted by specific countries Sets emissions targets Establishes CAP AND TRADE: a limit is placed on emissions and businesses/countries can buy/sell emissions allowances


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