1. Chapter 11 – Political Developments in the Early Republic
How did the Federalist and Republican visions
for the United States differ?

2. Chapter 11 Preview Preview “Hail, Columbia” “Fair and Free Elections”
As shown by the differences in these two songs, the nation changed greatly in its first decade. U.S. cities were more interconnected, and the nation faced new foreign threats.
In addition, two strong political parties emerged, the Federalists and the Republicans. In this lesson, you will learn how the Federalists and Republicans differed in their visions for America

3. Read Chapter 11.1 Introduction questions HW: Read 11.2-11.3
Why might George Washington have been reluctant to become president?
Why did George Washington choose Hamilton and Jefferson to serve in his cabinet?
Why do think Hamilton and Jefferson became political rivals?
HW: Read

5. 11.2 – Launching the New Government
VIDEO CLIP – John Adams
The Title Debate
Deeply divided 1st Congress
Build a strong national government
Limit the power of the government
BUT the first major issue was…
Video:

6. …what to call the leader?
Your Highness
Your Most Benign Highness
His Exalted Highness
His Elective Highness
Most Illustrious and Excellent President
His Majesty the President
George IV
His Highness, the President of the United States, and Protector of the Rights of the Same

7. Setting Up the Executive Branch
Department of State = handles relations with other countries
Department of War = defends the nation
Treasury Department = oversees the nation’s finances
Attorney General = president’s legal advisor
Postmaster general = head postal system

8. 11.3 – Washington as President
Video:

9. The Whiskey Rebellion VIDEO
Hamilton and Washington saw this rebellion as a threat, and sent 13,000 troops to crush the rebellion.
Although it worked, Jefferson thought sending an army was foolish. He also felt Hamilton was prepared to violate freedoms to force government policies.
Video:

10. A RIVALRY IS BORN

11. Washington’s Farewell Address
The French Revolution
VIDEO
Washington’s Farewell Address
Because of growing tensions, Washington agreed to a 2nd term, but refused to serve more than that.
In his final address, he warned of two threats
Other countries
Passionate loyalty to parties
Video:

14. 11.4 – Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist Party
Personal Background
VIDEO bio
View of Human Nature
People put their own interests and personal profit above patriotism and needs of the country.
He distrusted governments that gave too much power to “the mob”, or common people because it would lead to “error, confusion, and instability.”
Video:

15. Best Form of Government
“The best people” should rule: educated, wealthy, public-spirited men
Strong national government
National power & unity was more important than the rights of the states

16. Ideal Economy
One that increased the nation’s wealth by using the federal government to promote business, manufacturing, and trade
His plan: combine all states’ war debts to make a national debt
This helped establish the nation’s capital in D.C. between Maryland and Virginia
He established a National Bank to have a federally-backed currency

17. Relations with Britain and France
During the French Revolution, Hamilton had hope for the “establishment of free and good government”, but lost interest when it turned to chaos and bloodshed
In the war between France and England (1793) Federalists sided with Britain
The hope was that America would become a strong nation like Great Britain, and saw them as a role-model and powerful ally

18. 11.5 – Thomas Jefferson and the Republican Party
Personal Background
VIDEO bio
View of Human Nature
“I have so much confidence in the good sense of men”
He believed that informed citizens could make good decisions for themselves and their country
He had faith in people who worked the soil – his example was that a farmer could solve problems better than a professor.
Video:

19. Best Form of Government
Democracy was favored, and having the “best people” rule was too much like a monarchy
Republicans favored a small (weak) government, with strong state governments
They are closer to the people and would keep the national government from getting too powerful

20. Ideal Economy
One based on agriculture, not bankers or merchants

21. Relations with Britain and France
During the French Revolution, Republicans supported France. They hated the violence, but argued that a few noble heads was a small price to pay for freedom
A French diplomat to America did cause some trouble, and Jefferson had to ask him to return to France

22. Video: https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/jefferson-vs-hamilton/

24. 11.6 – The Presidency of John Adams
By the election of 1796, it was clear that political parties were a part of the election process
Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson
Federalists supported John Adams
John Adams won… by 3 votes. Thomas Jefferson came in 2nd, and became VP. The nation’s top leaders were political enemies from opposing parties.

25. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAt8A0W204

26. The Alien and Sedition Acts
Adams did try to work closely with Jefferson
Parties made this useless
Federalists passed four controversial laws called the Alien and Sedition Acts
The were supposed to make protect the country from troublemakers, but it really made life difficult for the Republicans

27. Three laws focused on aliens (noncitizens)
To vote, immigrants had to wait 14 years instead of 5
2 & 3 allowed the president to jail or deport troublemakers
The Sedition Act made rebellions against the government a crime
This includes slanderous or malicious printing, writing, or speaking
It was intended to stop those spreading lies
Instead used to punish Republican newspapers insulting Adams

28. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUH-xtkovxg

29. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Viewed as an attack on free speech and free press, Jefferson and Madison drew up statements to oppose the Acts at the state level
States had the duty to nullify the laws
Only Virginia and Kentucky adopted the resolution, but it would not be forgotten
The New National Capital
In 1800, the capital was moved to DC

36. 11.7 – The Election of 1800
Video:

37. Republicans choice Federalists Jefferson for president
Aaron Burr as his vice president
Federalists
John Adams for president
Charles Pinckney for VP
They loved Hamilton, so why didn’t he get chosen?

38. The Campaign
Platform: Jefferson ran with “Frugal and Simple” government; Adams with “Peace and Prosperity”
Was more about insults
Adams = a tyrant who wanted his children to follow him to the throne
Well….
Jefferson = “howling atheist” who would destroy religion

39. The Divided Federalists
Hamilton and followers disagreed with President Adams and his foreign policy
More in Ch 12!
Hamilton convinced Electoral College voters to support Pinckney instead

40. 11.8 – A Deadlock and a New Amendment
Adams LOST the election
But who won?
Jefferson or Burr???
It was a TIE!

41. Breaking the Tie Burr SHOULD have told supporters to elect Jefferson
But didn’t, hoping the vote would go his way
The House voted – another tie!
HAMILTON broke the tie
“Jefferson is to be preferred. He is by far not so dangerous a man.”
The 12th Amendment was added in 1804 to prevent such ties

42. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_VdRgpHUMY

43. A Peaceful Revolution
A victory for the Democratic-Republican Party (this will split with Adams-Jackson)
A victory for the Constitution
Power changed hands peacefully!
They proved it was better to fight with parties and ballots than armies and bullets!
RIP Hamilton 

44. END