1. The Skeletal System 1

2. Appendicular Skeleton
Includes the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs 2

3. What is the pectoral girdle?

4. Pectoral girdle
These are the bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. 4

5. Clavicle
Aka collarbone
The most frequently broken bone. 5

6. It is an S-shaped bone that connects the upper arm to the trunk.6

7. The medial end articulates with the sternum and the lateral end articulates with the scapula.7

8. Scapula Aka shoulder blade.
This is a large flat, triangular shaped bone located on the posterior thoracic cage. 8

9. Spine
a prominent ridge that runs diagonally across the scapula. 9

10. Body
The main flat portion of the scapula. 10

11. Acromion
The projection from the lateral end of the spine. Site of articulation with clavicle 11

12. Glenoid Cavity/fossa
A depression inferior to the acromion where the head of the humerus fits into. 12

13. Coracoid Process
An anterior projection that serves as a site of ligament and muscle attachment. 13

14. Upper Limb / Extremity 14

15. Includes 30 bones in each limb.
Humerus (arm)
Ulna & radius (forearm)
8 carpals (wrist)
5 metacarpals (hand)
14 phalanges (fingers) 15

16. Humerus The longest and largest bone of the upper limb.
Articulates with the scapula proximally and radius and ulna distally. 16

17. Anatomical Neck Constricted region distal to the head.
Site of growth plate. 17

18. Body
The main portion of the bone (diaphysis) 18

19. Deltoid Tuberosity
Bony process on the lateral side of the humerus that serves as the site of attachment for the deltoid muscle. 19

20. Capitulum
A small rounded eminence on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the radius 20

21. Trochlea
A spool-shaped surface that articulates with the ulna 21

22. Olecranon Fossa
A depression in the back of the humerus that receives the ulna when the forearm is straight. 22

23. Review
Number from 1-10 on a scrap sheet of paper. 23

24. The Forearm 24

25. Ulna The medial forearm bone. (Pinky side)
The longer of the 2 forearm bones. 25

26. Olecranon The bony process on the proximal end of the ulna.
The bony part of the elbow. 26

27. Coronoid process
An anteriorly projecting process inferior to the olecranon.
Together they help hold the trochlea. 27

28. Trochlear notch
A semicircular depression formed by the olecranon and coronoid process 28

29. Radial Notch
A depression lateral to the trochlear notch that receives the head of the radius. 29

30. Styloid process of the Ulna
A bony projection at the distal end of the ulna. 30

31. Radius
The lateral forearm bone. (Thumb side) 31

32. Radial tuberosity
A roughened bony region on the anterior proximal surface.
Site of biceps brachii attachment 32

33. Styloid process of the Radius
Pointy projection at the distal end of the radius

34. The wrist

35. Carpals
8 bones, 4 bones in 2 rows.
Short bones named for their shape.

36. Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and Pisiform
Distal row: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and hamate

37. Metacarpals The 5 long bones that form the palm.
Numbered 1-5 starting at the thumb.

38. Phalanges 14 in each hand 2 in the thumb (proximal and distal)
3 in the remaining 4 digits (proximal, intermediate and distal)

39. Review
Which bones make up a pectoral girdle? What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
With which part of the scapula does the humerus articulate?
What part of which bones make your “knuckles”?
What bones form the upper limb, from proximal to distal?

40. Take out a ½ sheet of paper and number it 1-11

41. The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

42. Pelvic (hip) Girdle
The pelvis is made up of 2 bones called hip bones or Coxal bones

43. The pelvic bones attach to each other anteriorly by a fibrocartilage pad called the Pubic Symphasis.
The hipbones articulate with the sacrum in the posterior.

44. Pelvis vs. pelvic girdle

45. The pelvis is made up of:
The coxal bone
The sacrum
The coccyx

46. What’s the difference between the pelvis and the pelvic girdle?

47. Each hipbone is actually the fusion of 3 bones

48. 1.Ilium - superior portion

49. 2.Pubis - anterior portion
Site of pubic symphysis

50. 3.Ischium – inferior and posterior portion

51. Lower Limb 30 bones in each Femur (thigh) Patella Tibia & Fibula (leg)
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

52. Femur
Thigh bone
Longest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body

53. It articulates with the coxal bone proximally and the tibia distally.

54. Lateral & Medial Condyles
Rounded projections that articulate with the tibia.

55. Greater Trochanter
Large lateral boney projection that serves as a point of muscle attachment.

56. Patella
Sesmoid bone
Found in the tendon of the quad muscle.

57. Tibia
The shin bone
Larger of the 2 lower leg bones
medial

58. Fibula
The smaller, lateral lower leg bone.

59. The tibia articulates with the femur and the Fibula at the proximal end and the talus at the distal end.

60. The patellar tendon attaches to the Tibial tuberosity on the tibia.

61. Medial maleolus
The distal end of the tibia ends in the boney process that can be seen as a bump in the medial ankle.

62. Fibula (– add this slide to notes)
Lateral lower leg bone.
Articulates with the tibia and the talus (tarsal bone)

63. Lateral maleolus
Distal projection at the end of the fibula.

64. The Foot

65. Tarsals 7 bones - 2 posterior: Talus and Calcaneus - 5 anterior:
cuboid, navicular and 3 cuneiform

66. Talus
This is the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia.

67. Calcaneus
Your heal bone.
The most posterior of the tarsal bones.

68. Metatarsals
5 bones that make up the pad of your foot.

69. Phalanges 14 in each foot 2 in the Big Toe (Hallux)
3 in the other toes.

70. Warm Up What are the 3 parts of the coxal bone?
What bone does the Achilles tendon attach to? (It is the most posterior of the tarsal bones)
What is the medial lower leg bone?