1. DBQ Industrial Revolution
Do now: MC on industrialization and take out last night’s DBQ on Industrialism
In Great Britain
DBQ Industrial Revolution
Impacts on Labor(Thesis)

2. Capitalism-Socialism-Marxism
The forces of supply and demand drive
markets, as producers move to meet
economic wants and needs, matching them
with suitable products. Government should
“leave the markets alone”, acting only to
ensure fairness in competition.
Basic Ideas:
1. private ownership and control of property
and economic resources,
2. free enterprise,
3. com petition among businesses,
4. freedom of choice and technological progress
:invisible hand: serves to self correct market flaws
Capitalism produces a gap
between rich and poor, and
government should act to
guarantee that workers are
treated fairly. Government
should own and manage
some businesses, especially
those which provide the
greatest public good (health
care, railroads, etc.)
A moderate alternative to free market capitalism
The government should own
and manage all businesses in
order to eliminate the evils
of Capitalism.
Workers should unite to seize the means of production (History has been a struggle between the haves and have nots) the government should do this until
Order is restored and that each will do according to needs and abilities. Preaches no sexism, racism or classism.
No competition, no motivation, no risk taking

3. Debate about Industrialism
capitalism
Socialism/communism
Favors innovation and generation of wealth for more people
Invisible hand will correct any errors
Hard working people will be rewarded
Cheaper prices for more consumer goods
Standard of living will improve
Government will not interfere with profits (laissez-faire)
Wages improved
Horrible working conditions
Child labor
Decline in urban health
Bourgeoisie exploitative of proletariat (working urban poor)
Another struggle between the “haves” and “have-nots”
Patriarchy persists (women received lower wages)
Imperialism/racist notion of national superiority
Exploitative of land,labor and capital both at home and abroad

7. Doc #1 The following excerpt is from a British industrial worker named William Cooper who testified before the Sadler Committee in The Sadler Committee was investigating the working conditions in British factories
The purpose of the committee was to investigate the mistreatment of child labor which the document illustrates the long working hours, beatings and lacking of common decency amongst children as young as 10
Sadler: What time did you have for meals?
Cooper: We had just one period of forty minutes in the sixteen hours. That was at noon.
Sadler: What means were taken to keep you awake?
Cooper: At times we were frequently strapped [whipped].
Sadler: When your hours were so long, did you have any time to attend a day school?
Cooper: We had no time to go to day school.
Sadler: Can you read and write?
Cooper: I can read, but I cannot write
You thought you had it bad, this can be grouped politically by the government trying to do something, economically by working conditions or by child exploitation

8. Doc #13 The following excerpt is from Joseph Hebergam another worker who testified before the Sadler Committee in 1832.
This, grouped along with #2 is a testimonial regarding working conditions in British factories. This testimony comes from an individual who was told that he has less than a year to live due to the conditions in the factories.
Hebergam: There was about a dozen who died during the two and a half years I was there. At
the L___________ Mill where I worked last, a boy was caught in a machine and both
his thigh bones broke and from his knee to his hip the flesh was ripped up the same
as if it had been cut by a knife. His hands were bruised, his eyes were nearly torn out
and his arms were broken. His sister, who ran to pull him off had both her arms broke
and her head bruised. The boy died. I don not know if the girl is dead, but she was
not expected to live.
Sadler: Did the accident occur because a shaft was not covered?
Hebergam: Yes.
This can be grouped by exploitation, economically or politically, and by child labor.

9. Doc #3 The following is an excerpt from Andrew Ure’s book The Philosophy of Manufactures published in 1835
A contradictory view of child labor from # 1 and 2, and identifies the conditions of labor in the factories. “it is moreover my firm conviction that children would thrive better when employed in our modern factories, than if left home in apartments too often ill-aired, damp and cold.”
Clearly a supporter of the bourgeoisie factory owners and a belief that children are better off working than life in the tenements ( where urbanized poor workers often resided)

10. Doc #5 From Charles Knight’s The Working Man’s Companion subtitled The Results of Machinery, Namely Cheap Production and Increased Employment published in The book was intended to instruct workers about the benefits of industrialization after failed political riots in Bristol, England.
This speaks ( opposed to the first three documents about children) to the comforts of industrial life and presents a favorable view( and encourage workers to avoid rioting) “Your houses are better built, your clothes are cheaper, you have an infinite number of domestic utensils. You can travel cheaply from place to place and not only
travel at less expense, but travel ten times quicker than almost two hundred years age.”
Later, there will be attempts by unions and socialist societies to improve conditions of workers and lifestyles , this attempts to argue that life is not so bad after all.

11. Doc #6 The following description is from a pamphlet, published in 1797, by the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor
This illustrates how conditions were bettered for children ( perhaps by this very society) “Special regulations, adopted by Mr. Dale, have made this factory very different from the others in this kingdom. Out of the nearly 3000 children employed in the mills from 1785 to 1797,only fourteen have died.”
This can be grouped culturally, under improving conditions or favorably ( but only 14 dies…c’mon is this for real?)

12. Doc # 8 The following excerpt is from the French politician and economist Leon Faucher. Faucher visited several English cities in 1843 examining their social system and recorded his observations in a book entitled Manchester in 1844.
Look at his titles ( politician, economist and observations of social systems). This may be grouped in multiple ways. This appears to be a favorable overview of the benevolence of bourgeoisie factory owners who bring affordable housing, increased wages and “everywhere is to be observed a cleanliness which indicates order and comfort.”

13. Doc #11 The Conditions of the Working Class in England by the German socialist Friedrich Engels, published in 1844.
This socialist ( one who wants government control over certain industries to make improvements) was a co-author (along with Karl Marx) of the Communist Manifesto. This document illustrates the terrible living conditions in the slums “The streets are usually unpaved, full of holes, filthy and strewn with refuse. Since they have neither gutters nor drains, the refuse accumulates in stagnant, stinking puddles. The view of Manchester is quite typical. The main river is narrow, coal-black and full of stinking filth and rubbish which deposits on the bank … one walks along a very rough path on the river
bank to reach a chaotic group of little one-storey, one room cabins … in front of the doors, filth
and garbage abound”
This can be grouped economically, culturally or under living conditions of the proletariat ( urban poor)

14. Doc #8 Letter from the Leeds Cloth Merchants, 1791, was issued by the Cloth Merchants of the English city of Leeds. The merchants were replying to a letter criticizing the use of machines published by the Leeds Woolen Workers
This letter is in response to the use of machines to remain competitive with other countries and, thereby want economic gain.” scribbling mill, the spinning frame, and the flying shuttle, have reduced manual labor nearly one third, and each of them has at its first introduction carried an alarm to the work people, yet each has contributed to the advance of wages and to increase the trade so that if an attempt was now made to deprive us of the use of them, there is no doubt, but every person engaged in business would exert himself to defend them.”
This can be grouped economically, in favor of industrialism or through the perspective of merchants ( as opposed to politicians, economists or commissions.

15. Document #7 Picture of Manchester
Designed to illustrate the cramped, unsanitary and inhumane living conditions, this can be grouped with document # 6 or # 7

16. Sources to consider for outside info/historic context
A woman in the textile mills ( bobbin doffers) to illustrate as either mothers or workers, the working and living conditions in Manchester
A union leader who would often riot or protest the living and working conditions which would eventually bring about change
Karl Marx who wrote along with Engels ( doc #7) and believed that workers should seize the means of production to inspire a workers revolution (internationale)
A Laissez faire parliamentarian whose beliefs that the government should not intervene and, therefore, would support all the positives and none of the negatives

17. Thesis
The working and living conditions of the Industrial Revolution in England were under scrutiny by governmental commissions, debated by economists over the benefits and detriments and perceived differently by capitalists and socialists alike as to the vast discrepancies of Industrial lifestyles. An additional source from a proletariat’s ( urban working class poor) diary might add some understanding as to the daily plight and conditions the average worker might have undergone in Industrial Manchester.

19. Synthesis
The exploitation of the worker, environment, imperialism along with racism and sexism would see the popularity of Communism first in Europe and then in Russia (U.S.S.R). After WWII, an iron curtain of Communist countries, China, Cuba and many colonies who sought freedom. They would blame the wars and inequalities on European (and American) capitalism and its exploitative nature. This would sow the seeds for the Cold War.