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8.5 NOTES Resonance and Exceptions to the Octet Rule

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1 8.5 NOTES Resonance and Exceptions to the Octet Rule

2 Resonance: A blend of two or more Lewis Structures when one structure cannot indicate the true form of a molecule. The “true” structure is actually the average of all of the resonance forms. Resonance occurs when it is possible to achieve a correct structure by assigning electrons in different ways. Are you making a choice? SO3    SO2 CO3-2 Benzene (C6H6)

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5 Octet Exceptions: There are several instances when atoms are unable to attain 8 electrons in their valence energy level. Odd Number of Electrons Assign pairs (and a single electron) to atoms to attain as close to 8 electrons as possible) Period 2 elements CANNOT exceed 8 electrons. These structures may have resonance.

6 Incomplete Octets These occur when there are inadequate electrons to attain 8, but the elements also cannot double or triple bond to complete octets. (CONS!)

7 Expanded Octets Larger atoms (Period 3 and higher) can sometimes hold more than 8 electrons. Phosphorus and Arsenic often achieve 10 electrons and Sulfur can have up to 12.

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