1. Plato´s Allegory of the Cave
11TH GRADE

2. Justified True Belief TRUE
The knowledge claim is true rather than false. It corresponds to the real world. It is a fact.
BELIEF
The knowledge claim is a matter of conviction. We must own our knowledge.
*this should be review**
JUSTIFIED
The knowledge claim is justified with adequate evidence. Justification requires coherence with previous data and clarity with regard to language and logic. There can be no contradiction or strong counter evidence.

3. Allegory What is an allegory? What is Symbolism?
a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another.
a symbolical narrative
What is Symbolism?
It is the use of an object, person, situation or word to represent something else, like an idea, in literature.

4. Symbols
Identify the following symbols and their meaning while watching the video on Plato’s “The Allegory of the Cave.”
The Cave:
The Shadows:
The escaped prisoner:
The Sun:
His intellectual journey:
The other prisoners reaction:
The Prisoners:
The prisoner’s chains:
The shadows in the cave:
The Fire:
The one who releases the prisoners: The prisoners who are released:
The journey out of the cave:
The return to the cave:
The rejection by the other prisoners when the released prisoner returns:

5. Allegory of the Cave Inside the Cave = The Physical World
The fire = The sun
Objects casting shadows = Objects
Shadows on the wall = Images
Outside the Cave = The Intelligible World
The sun = The form of good
Objects = Forms
Shadows = Concepts
Inside the cave, the prisoners mistake appearance for reality. They believe that the images they are seeing on the wall are actually real, they do not know that there are objects making these images.
The prisoner thinks he is talking about a “book,” when really he is talking of a shadow.

6. What is Plato trying to say
Education: nothing but the forcing of thoughts into the minds of children.
Each person has within himself the ability to think.
If one does not understand, this is because one is held by the fetters.
Whenever the soul is bound by the fetters of suffering, pleasure, etc. it is unable to contemplate through its own intelligence the unchanging pattern of things

7. Symbols
The Cave represents people who believe that knowledge comes from what we see and hear in the world – empirical evidence. The cave shows that believers of empirical knowledge are trapped in a ‘cave’ of misunderstanding.
The Shadows represent the perceptions of those who believe empirical evidence ensures knowledge– shadows of the truth.
The escaped prisoner represents the Philosopher, who seeks knowledge outside of the cave and outside of the senses. The philosopher who does not at first understanding reality and will eventually be killed for his beliefs.
The Sun represents philosophical truth and knowledge
His intellectual journey represents a philosophers journey when finding truth and wisdom
The other prisoners reaction to the escapee returning represents that people are scared of knowing philosophical truths and do not trust philosophers.
 Prisoners – Human beings trapped in the temporal world.  Shadows – The experiences we receive in this spacio temporal world – shadows of the truth.  Puppets – The Forms which cause the shadows that we experience – true knowledge.  The Sun – The essential Form of Goodness – source of the Forms and truth
Plato – The Sun  Visible World – The Sun  Source of growth and light which gives: Visibility to the objects of sense and The power of seeing to the eye The faculty of sight  Intelligible world of the forms – The Good  Source of reality and truth which gives: Intelligibility to objects of thought and The power of knowing to the mind The faculty of knowledge Plotonius (3 rd C) associated the EFG with God!
Shadows: represent the perceptions of those who believe empirical evidence ensures knowledge. If you believe that what you see should be taken as truth, then you are merely seeing a shadow of the truth.

8. Symbols
The Prisoners: The prisoners represent an ignorant, unenlightened, and narrow society. This would comprise of those who have not yet understood the meaning of life.
The prisoner’s chains: The chains are symbolic of limitations that pull us away from the truth. 
The shadows in the cave: The cave shadows are ambiguous and unclear, distorted, without any true form. Plato successfully utilizes the shadows to demonstrate those who cannot see an accurate, clear reality.
The Fire: The fire is the sun to the prisoners - the foundation of misinterpretation and ambiguity.  Fire represents many things – media, society
The one who releases the prisoners: The savior is the educator and master of philosophy, perhaps Plato/Socrates himself.

9. Symbols
The prisoners who are released: These captives are saved from ignorance. The prisoners become free only when they become freed of chains, forced into the light, and accept what things have become and as they truly are, rather than what they had perceived them as – shadows on a wall.
The journey out of the cave:  This represents one’s inability to change and a resistance to accept new truths. 
The return to the cave: This represents the enlightener’s quest to dispel ignorance from others. 
The rejection by the other prisoners when the released prisoner returns: They are adverse to change and do not wish to be enlightened.

10. Knowledge Epistemic Knowledge What I think it is – inside the cave
Ontological Knowledge
What it really is – outside world
In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato distinguishes between people who mistake sensory knowledge for the truth and people who really do see the truth.
Fear of the unknown
We need to clear our eyes – no stereotypes to pull us back. See people for who they really are.
We will be able to learn and seek more knowledge

11. Videos & activity
Dove Evolution
A Girl Like Me
Critical Viewing: Shadows on the Wall
Evaluate the epistemic and ontological knowledge for each.

12. The Matrix - Assignment
Both the Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix deal with epistemic (what we think is) and ontological (what it is) knowledge and truths.
Pick ONE of the following prompts and respond to it in a piece of words.  Make sure you state a claim (your personal position regarding the question) and provide reasons for it. 
You must use evidence and examples from the allegory, the movie, your personal life: inside and outside of school. You might want to include a counterclaim (that which can be said against your claim).
1.Trinity tells Neo: "The Matrix cannot tell you who you are." Consider the role of society in an individual's life. 
2. Both the movie and the allegory tell a similar story about the unreliability of the senses.  To what extent can we trust our senses to tell us the truth?
3. When Neo is finally confronted with the real world he is in a state of uncertainty.  To what extent the realization of the truth can be an overwhelming and life-changing experience?