1. ENCM 369 Computer Organization
Norm Bartley (L02)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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ENEL Digital Circuits

2. Welcome to ENCM 369! Introduction and Course Organization.
Highlights from the Course Outline.
A Quick Course Overview
A Simplified Computer Model.
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3. Course Instructors L01 – MWF 11:00 (ENE 241) L02 – MWF 10:00 (ENE 241)
Steve Norman.
L02 – MWF 10:00 (ENE 241)
Norm Bartley.
B01-B04 Tuesdays (ICT 320)
T01-T02 Thursdays (ENE 241 / ENA 103)
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4. Course Website Main Course Website. D2L.
Most information will not be on D2L, but will instead be here.
Please go to:
D2L.
D2L will be used for password-protected stuff, mostly student grades.
L01 and L02 will be merged into one D2L section.
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5. Tutorials and Labs Tutorials Start Thursday, January 16 (Week 1).
Not worth any marks; there are no quizzes.
Several small paper-and-pencil exercises each week.
Exercises intended to help in labs, midterms, and final exam.
Labs start Tuesday, January 21 (Week 2).
Lab exercises are weekly, and will be due on Fridays.
Help will be available from Norm and lab TAs.
No “in-lab” or “post-lab” components, just Friday due dates. Attendance is optional.
It helps to start work on the labs before the lab.
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6. Course Outline: Exams Two midterm tests. Final Exam.
Midterm #1: Wednesday, February 12, 7:00-8:30 PM
Midterm #2: Wednesday, March 18, 7:00-8:30 PM.
Final Exam.
Three hours.
Scheduled by the Registrar’s Office.
Lots of past midterm and final exams (with solutions) posted for practice!
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7. Course Outline: Grading
Course Component Weighting.
Lab assignments: 20%.
Midterm tests 30%, (15% apiece).
Final exam: 50%.
Minimal Pass Grade.
A final exam score of 40% or higher is required to pass the course.
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8. Course Outline: Textbook
Primary Course Textbook
David M. Harris and Sarah L. Harris, “Digital Design and Computer Architecture,” Second Edition, Morgan-Kaufmann, 2013 (ISBN ). Available as an ebook on UofC library website.
Supplementary Course Textbook
Peter Prinz, Tony Crawford, “C in a Nutshell,” 2nd edition, O’Reilly Media (ISBN ). May be useful for a quick brush-up on C. Also available as an ebook.
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9. Calculator Choices Sanctioned Schulich Calculators
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10. Course Outline: Do Well!
Missed or Delayed Term Work.
Do not try to contact a TA about this; talk to your course instructor directly.
Please see the course outline for more details.
Don’t be afraid to ask for help.
When you hand in your assignments, ask yourself two important questions.
Do I understand all the material that I’m handing in?
Could I do this assignment again by myself without any help?
The answer to both questions should be YES.
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11. Quick Course Overview Primary Learning Outcomes.
Assembly language programming.
What’s in a modern computer system to implement the language.
Simple processor designs.
This is NOT a Programming Course!
Programs are written in machine code (assembly language) so that:
You can learn the capabilities of a modern processor and operations it can perform.
You can design synchronous sequential logic circuits to perform these operations.
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12. Computers run everything!
Classes of Computers.
Desktop/laptop systems.
Server systems and workstation clusters.
Supercomputers.
Embedded Systems.
Typical Embedded Systems
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13. Humble beginnings -- the “UNIVAC 1”.
System was 25x50 feet.
5600 vacuum tubes, 18,000 crystal diodes, 300 electromechanical relays.
Operations performed serially at 2.25 MHz. Has bit words of memory!
Required 120 KVA power.
Addition performed in msec; multiplication in 2.2 msec.
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14. What we’ll be studying. 32-bit MIPS computer architecture.
Primarily used is in embedded systems, such as laser printers, network routers, early game consoles, etc.
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15. “A Unix System – I know this!”
Its heyday was the early 1990s where it was used in high-end Silicon Graphics (SGI) Unix workstations, and made famous in the 1993 Spielberg film Jurassic Park.
“A Unix System – I know this!”
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16. MIPS vs. ARM
Arm-based processors in widespread use today, so why MIPS and not ARM?
MIPS is a simple reduced-instruction-set computer (RISC) processor.
Simple, yet fully functional.
The assembly language is appropriate to learn the basic operation of a computer.
Widely taught in similar courses worldwide.
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17. Coming Lectures Immediately Ahead ... In Later Lectures ...
Study the organization of a simple computer.
Introduce the MIPS-32 computer architecture.
Introduce MIPS registers, machine code, and assembly language.
In Later Lectures ...
Study the design of a single-cycle and a pipelined processor.
Study cache memory and see how it greatly improves the performance of a computer’s main memory.
Study how virtual memory works.
Study IEEE-754 standard floating-point number representation and arithmetic.
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18. Organization of Simple Computer
Main memory
Processor
I/O
Input-Output
Devices …
Bus
I/O
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19. A Bus
An electrical communication path between system components:
For example, the PCI bus facilitating parallel data transfer;
USB for inexpensive serial data transfer.
The Processor
Central Processing Unit, or CPU -- generally a very large and complex synchronous sequential circuit.
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20. I/O Devices General-purpose computing: desktops and laptops.
Keyboard, mice, trackpads;
Video cards;
Hard-disk controllers;
Network controllers (LAN, WiFi).
Embedded systems (special-purpose computers built into appliances such as digital TVs, modern vehicles, printers, network routers, etc).
For example, a vehicle’s airbag deployment system:
Input is the electronic interface to accelerometers;
Output is the electronic interface to airbag deployment.
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21. I/O Devices General-purpose computing: desktops and laptops.
Keyboard, mice, trackpads;
Video cards;
Hard-disk controllers;
Network controllers (LAN, WiFi).
Embedded systems (special-purpose computers built into appliances such as digital TVs, modern vehicles, printers, network routers, etc).
For example, a vehicle’s airbag deployment system:
Input is the electronic interface to accelerometers;
Output is the electronic interface to airbag deployment.
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22. Main Memory
Electronic circuits that hold data and machine instructions for running programs.
Two main classes of memory.
RAM (Random Access Memory).
“volatile” memory (forgets everything when powered down).
ROM (Read-Only Memory).
“non-volatile” memory (remembers everything).
E.g., a computer’s BIOS and boot code.
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23. More on Main Memory
Bit – smallest possible item of digital data (“Binary digit”).
Byte – a collection of 8 bits (thus, 2^8 = 256 possible unique bit patterns).
Memory is a large array of bytes usually external to a processor core.
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