1. The air quality monitoring
and management system
for HCMC, Vietnam
Bjarne Sivertsen 1), The Nguyen Thanh 1), Le Van Khoa 2), Vo Thanh Dam
1) NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air Research) 2) DONRE/HCMC EPA
Ho Chi Minh City Environmental
Improvement Project
Air Quality Monitoring Component

2. AQ Monitoring Sites 4 sites funded by Danida 5 sites funded by NORAD
AQMS installed by NILU
As part of NORAD

3. Types of Monitoring Stations
Regional background areas
3 km < x < 50 km from build up areas
Urban background
In cities
Away from local sources (streets, industries etc.)
Residential areas
Traffic stations
Curbside, along streets
Industrial stations

4. Dust a
major
problem
Roadside
measurements

5. TSP reduced
Change in roads and traffic pattern

6. Also ambient lead level reduced
Short term sampling on the street
HX and DBP 3 hourly samples 10 days a month
PhuLam: 12 h sample 10 days a month

7. PM10 measured since 2001

8. PM10 from gravimetric analyses
Average PB (2003)
0.19 µg/m3

9. PM10 exceeding international limit valuesBC D2 ZO TN
24 hour average PM10

10. Ozone
A few exceedings of hourly limit values !
Vietnam
limit value

11. 8 hour average Ozone exceeded%

12. Ozone 27 October 2004

13. Seasonal variation in ozone

14. NO2
annual
average
WHO guideline

15. Concentration decrease with distance from street
Short term sampling on the street
HX and DBP 3 hourly samples 10 days a month
PhuLam: 12 h sample 10 days a month

16. SO2
Annual
average

17. Average diurnal variationCO

18. HCMC Air Quality Index

19. T=1.4xU

20. Air quality management
and planning

21. Ho Chi Minh City
Emission inventory,
traffic

22. Model applications Wind fields Model tests HCMC Vietnam
Main traffic routes impact

23. Summary Thank you ! Main problem; suspended particles
High ozone on dry hot days
NO2 exceeding limit values on few days
Very high exposure in streets and roads
AQI seldom at unhealthy level ( limit !)
Future application for planning
Abatement planning and action plan
Air Quality and Health impact
Thank you !