1. Manifest Destiny in the 1840’s

2. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

3. I. Manifest destiny
John O’ Sullivan 1844 “.... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative development of self-government entrusted to us.”
Election of 1844: Polk (dem.) v. Clay (whig)
Liberty party
Polk wins

4. II. Texas joins the union
Texas remained independent 9 years
1845 John Tyler annexed it

5. III. President James K. Polk
Succesful one term “young Hickory”
Polk's 4-point plan
Walker Tariff
Restoration of the Independent Treasury System (1846)
Acquisition of California (1848)
Settlement of the Oregon dispute (1846)

10. III. President James K. Polk
C. Oregon * disputed by Spain, Russia, Britain, and US, John Astor * Oregon trail in the 1840’s by ,000 settlers * Polk abandons “54 40” or fight” * Oregon Treaty th parallel

12. What is this saying?

13. D Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
US wants to buy California but Mexico is angry about the Nueces v. Rio Grande
Declaration of war: Gen. Zachary Tailor patrols surprised
Polk requests war
“Conscience Whigs”
“spot” resolutions
“Mexico will poison us!”
Civil disobedience by Thoreau

15. 1846, Fremont and the bear flag revolt

16. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto
“Old Rough and Ready”

17. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

18. Battle of Buena Vista (1847)
General Winfield Scott

19. General Scott Enters Mexico City
“Old Fuss and Feathers”

20. D Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
3. US conquered California and parts of Mexico 4. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Feb * Mexico looses half its territory, US pays about 18 million * debate over treaty

22. Results of the Mexican American war
a. Most significantly, the slavery issue was ignited: would slavery exist in the new territories?
b. Wilmot Proviso, 1848 (did not pass Congress)
c. U.S. territory increased by 1/3 (including Texas); the Cession was bigger than the Louisiana Territory purchased by Jefferson in 1803.
d. 13,000 Americans died in the war, mostly due to disease. e. Sentiment for expansionism increased in the U.S. f. Latin America began to negatively view U.S. as the "Colossus of the North." g. U.S. forces became experienced in war; this would affect the scope of the Civil War.

24. Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860