Modeling Atoms: Bohr Model

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Presentation on theme: "Modeling Atoms: Bohr Model"— Presentation transcript:

1 Modeling Atoms: Bohr Model

2 Sorting activity

3 What patterns do you notice?

4 Modelling Atoms: Bohr Model
A Bohr Model is a simplified diagram of the number of ELECTRONS in each of the ENERGY LEVEL (shells) around the nucleus of an atom. Each shell can only hold a certain number of electrons. After each shell is filled, electrons begin to fill the next. First shell can only hold a maximum of 2. 2nd shell = 8, 3rd shell = 8, th = 18. The outermost shell is called the VALENCE SHELL

5 Draw a Bohr Diagram of Nitrogen

6 Draw a Bohr Diagram of Nitrogen

7 Draw a Bohr Diagram of Phosphorous

8 Bohr Model of Phosphorous:

9 What element is this? 18 p 22 n Argon

10 What element is this? 18 p 22 n If you know the number of protons, you know it’s atomic number. Or count the electrons… Argon

11 What element is this? 18 p 22 n It has = 18 electrons, and therefore 18 protons. The element with atomic number of 18 is Argon. Argon

12 What patterns do you notice?

13 What relationship can you find between number of OCCUPIED SHELLS and the ROW that it is found on the periodic table?

14 What relationship can you find between number of OCCUPIED SHELLS and the ROW that it is found on the periodic table? ROW = # of OCCUPIED SHELLS

15 Look at Group 1. What relationship can you find between number of VALENCE ELECTRONS and the COLUMN that it is found on the periodic table?

16 GROUP/COLUMN # = #VALENCE ELECTRONS

17 Atomic Theory Continues to Develop
According to Dalton’s theory, atoms were indivisible and indestructible. Then Thomson discovered the electron and Rutherford discovered the nucleus, which was later found to be made up of neutrons and protons. The atom was not indivisible at all: it was made up of even smaller particles –subatomic particles. Discoveries that some of these subatomic particles were made up of still smaller particles.

18 PARTICLES WITHIN THE ATOM
Subatomic particles are classified as either COMPOSITE or ELEMENTARY particles. A COMPOSITE particle is composed of TWO or MORE ELEMENTARY particles. Elementary particles cannot be split into anything smaller.

19 PARTICLES WITHIN THE ATOM
Composite Particles Elementary Particles Protons and Neutrons Electrons

20 Protons and Neutrons are made up of elementary particles: QUARKS and GLUONS
Protons and neutrons are composite particles

21 PARTICLES WITHIN THE ATOM
Composite Particles Elementary Particles Protons and Neutrons Electrons, Quarks Gluons

22 Quarks There are 6 difference types of quarks classified by their properties: mass, electric charge, etc any of a number of subatomic particles carrying a fractional electric charge, postulated as building blocks of the hadrons. Quarks have not been directly observed but theoretical predictions based on their existence have been confirmed experimentally.Atomic Theory Continues to Develop: According to Dalton’s theory, atoms were indivisible and indestructible. Then Thomson discovered the electron and Rutherford discovered the nucleus, which was later found to be made up of neutrons and protons. The atom was not indivisible at all: it was made up of even smaller particles –subatomic particles. Discoveries that some of these subatomic particles were made up of still smaller particles. There are six quarks, but physicists usually talk about them in terms of three pairs: up/down, charm/strange, and top/bottom. (Also, for each of these quarks, there is a corresponding antiquark.) Quarks have the unusual characteristic of having a fractional electric charge, unlike the proton and electron, which have integer charges of +1 and -1 respectively. Quarks also carry another type of charge called color charge, which we will discuss later. The most elusive quark, the top quark, was discovered in 1995 after its existence had been theorized for 20 years.

23 Gluons Gluons “GLUE" quarks together, forming protons and neutrons

24 PARTICLES WITHIN THE ATOM
Composite Particles Elementary Particles Protons and Neutrons Electrons, Quarks Gluons - “GLUE" quarks together, forming protons and neutrons

25 Elementary Particles: Leptons
Leptons are point-like particles without internal structure. Six types of leptons: 3 have electrical charge (electron-like) 3 have no charge (muons and neutrinos). ELECTRONS are a type of lepton Unlike protons and neutrons, electrons are themselves elementary particles. Nuclei are made up of protons and neutrons. In turn, protons and neutrons are made up of point-like particles called the "up" and "down" quarks. As far as we know electrons are elementary particles; that is, they appear to be point-like particles without internal structure The key difference between quarks and leptons is that quarks experience the strong force while leptons do not

26 TRIUMF cyclotron, UBC TRIUMF = TRI-University
Meson Facility (UBC, SFU, and University of Victoria ) TRIUMF is a cyclotron (particle accelerator) at UBC built to research the particles that make up matter Electromagnets in the cyclotron accelerate PROTONS to extraordinary speeds. The resulting proton beam collides with various material, and detectors provide data about the products of the collisions. world's largest cyclotron particle accelerator Established in 1968 in Vancouver, TRIUMF is Canada’s particle accelerator centre. 

27 scientists at TRIUMF have worked on developing PET scanners and radiotracers, which are used to image the location of cancer or other diseases in humans. Also in life sciences, TRIUMF scientists treat ocular melanoma using proton beams to destroy cancer cells in the eye. n particle physics, TRIUMF researchers and Canadian university scientists played a critical role in developing the ATLAS detector for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and are participating in the T2K experiment in Japan which began in 2009. The Molecular and Materials Science group is responsible for internationally recognized research in warm superconductors, which have the potential to transform long-distance electrical power distribution, in addition to hydrogen storage research as well as fundamental research of material surfaces and boundaries.

28 accelerates 1000 trillion particles per second to speeds of 224,000 km/s, making TRIUMF's proton beam one of the most intense in the world.

29 Build your own atom

30 Ted Ed video: atom smasher
Bill Nye: Atoms

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