1. Computer: History and Needs
N. Nilgün Çokça

2. Basic Computer Concepts
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. 
Numbers, letters voice or photographs can be taken as data.
A computer is an electronic tool for inputting, processing, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information.
Computers are electronic machines that get data, process and returns this data to information.
A computer does not create information

3. The Basic Data Processing:
Input
Four basic arithmetic process (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
Logical processes
Output
Memory

4. Computers Can be Used in :
Finance
Medicine
Communication
Marketing
Libraries
Education
Commerce
And surely in game sector.

5. History of Computers 3000 BC 1642 1800 the abacus (By Babylonians).
Pascaline: The Pascaline used gears and wheels ("counting-wheels") to perform the calculations.
1800
Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine.

6. 1884
The American Institute for Electrical Engineering (AIEE) was founded
1889
Herman Hollerith won the competition for the delivery of data processing equipment to assist in the processing of the data from the 1890 US Census.
1914
Hollerith Tabulating Company, eventually became one of the three that composed the Calculating-Tabulating- Recording (C-T-R) company.
1924
Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R) company in was renamed IBM in.

7. 1937
Howard Aiken’s The Harvard MARK I computer for IBM
1946
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
June 21, 1948
Their prototype machine, the "Baby" was operated for the first time; the world truly moved from the domain of calculators to the domain of computers
1957
The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first disk memory system.
1960
After three years of work Backus and his colleagues delivered the first FORTRAN program compiler for the IBM 704, and almost immediately the first error message was encountered -- a missing comma in a computed GO TO statement

8. 1964
Douglas Engelbart had developed the “mouse”
April 7, 1964
IBM announced System/360, the first IBM family of compatible machines.
Fall of 1964
the Dartmouth Time Sharing System became operational with BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
1974
Intel introduced the 8080 for the purposes of controlling traffic lights
First ATM machines appear.

9. 1977 1981 1984 1985 Microsoft --Bill Gates and Paul Allen
Apple Corporations
1981
IBM "PC" and supported by the Microsoft DOS operating system
Commodore introduced the VIC-20
1984
Sony and Phillips announced CD-ROM.
1985
Microsoft Windows 1.0 had been announced.

10. 1987
Computer Society opens European office in Brussels
1988
Computer Society opens Asian office in Tokyo
1990
Software for Workstations (Computer Graphics 7/90)
1994
Netscape browser has been developed.
1995
Windows 95 announced.

11. 1996
Google is first developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page.
1997
Microsoft releases Microsoft Office 97.
The Li-Ion battery begins being used for commercial uses.
1998
Apple introduces the iMac, the iMac helps bring Apple back on the computer maps as a very easy and friendly computer.

12. Apple introduces the iPod. Google announces Gmail on April 1, 2004.
2001
USB 2.0 is introduced.
Apple introduces the iPod.
2004
Google announces Gmail on April 1, 2004.
2005
YouTube is founded and comes online February 15, 2005.
Yahoo announces that it will acquire the popular photo service Flickr on March 21, 2005.
Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is released on April 24, 2005.

13. 2007
Apple releases the Apple iPhone to the public June 29, 2007.
Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general public January 30,
2008
The HD player war comes to an end when HD DVD calls it quit, making Blu-ray the victor on February 19, 2008.
2009
Minecraft, Plants vs. Zombies,
Bitcoin

14. 2011 2012 2013 2015 Adobe Creative Cloud is announced.
Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet.
Facebook acquires Instagram
2013
Microsoft introduces the Xbox One.
2015
Apple Watch

15. If you want to learn more
Computer History Museum

16. Hardware ~Software
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system.
Hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer.
Computer software means computer instructions or data. Anything that can be stored electronically is software.
Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.

17. Hardware
CPU

18. Hardware Memory RAM (random-access memory) ROM (Read-Only Memory)
1 KB =1024 Byte  1000 Bytes
1 MB = 1024*1024 Byte  Byte  Bytes
1 GB =1024*1024*1024 Byte  Byte  Bytes

19. Permanent Data Storages
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Disk
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
CD-ROM
DVD
USB Disk

20. Computer Hardwares Monitor Mouse Keyboard Computer data storage
Hard drive disk (HDD)
System unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips),
etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.

21. Computer Hardwares

22. Computer in Devices Input Output Keyboard Mouse Light pen Scanner
Modem
Output
Screen
Printer

23. Software ~ System
Systems software includes the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. 
System Software:
Macintosh Operating Systems
Novel (Netware) Operating Systems
Unix Operating Systems
Ms-Dos Operating Systems
Windows 95 and the rests

24. Software ~ Application
Applications software includes programs that do real work for users.
Application Software:
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database

25. END Hardware vs Software
Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other.
END

26. Abacus

27. Pascaline

28. Difference Engine

29. Hollerith Desk

30. The Harvard Mark I: an electro-mechanical computer

31. The Original IBM Personal Computer (PC)

32. The First Computer Mouse Held by Engelbart

33. Bill Gates and Paul Allen

34. Commodore the VIC-20

35. Netscape

36. Google

37. iMAC

38. USB

39. iPOD

40. iPHONE

41. Plants vs. zombıes

42. cpu

43. Memory

44. Input

45. Output