1. Short lesson S A F E T Y S K I L L C A M P A I G N
The NouHätä slide set contains two theme entities 1. Fire safety and 2 Accident and incident situations.
Both themes emphasize the significance of safety attitudes and carefulness as one of the most important safety-enhancing factors of accident prevention; we can all by our own actions prevent accidents, and it is everyone’s duty to help.
The Nouhätä slide material provides diverse examples of reasons behind accidents, accident prevention, and risks, as well as the correct and safe operating methods in an accident situation. Choose suitable examples for your own teaching method and modify the slides as you wish.
Links to news articles are in Finnish.

2. 1. FIRE SAFETY Preventing fires Know what to do in case of fire.
First-aid extinguishing
Rescue Act
2. Fire safety
The subject matter of fire safety consists of four themes:
Preventing fires
First-aid extinguishing
Correct action in a fire
Rescue Act
In the top right corner of the slides the content is marked with symbols to facilitate the classification by field.
An exclamation mark indicates that the notes of the slide includes questions, assignments, or video material for pupils, which you can make use of when implementing your lesson.
The 112! marks highlight the importance of making an emergency call.
In addition to the assignments, the Notes in the slide set provide teachers and trainers with more information on the subject matter being discussed.
Orientation:
To start off a lesson, the pupils are asked questions about their preconceptions and experiences of accidents and safety, such as: Have you ever seen or encountered a fire?
Tip! Illustrate the question on board with Mentimeter ( The pupils answer the question e.g. on their own mobile phones by means of the website code.
Prepare a question and familiarise yourself with the tool in advance. Mentimeter is a free and visualising tool for collecting and presenting answers. To streamline the process, it is worthwhile to save in advance the Yes and No answer options in your Mentimeter presentation.

3. Each year, almost 12 000 fires break out in Finland.
3000 53
Almost fires break
out in homes each year.
In 2018, 53 people
died in fires. 8
1/3
Every day, there is a
fire in eight homes.
Almost one third of fires are caused
by people’s negligence
or deliberate lighting of fires.
3. Each year, almost fires break out in Finland.
Fires are unfortunately common. Each year, fires take place in Finland. Most of the fires occur in homes.
Many of these accidents could have been avoided by small changes in operating manners: by being careful and observant, and by following instructions and regulations. Long-term statistics indicate that approximately 60 to 80 people die in apartment fires each year. This is a higher number than the Central European average.
More information:
• Fires relating to food preparation break out approximately three times a day, so roughly one thousand per year.
• The second most common reason for a fire to break out in flats is open fire. A fire caused by candles, tobacco, or other open fire breaks out in approximately 650 homes each year.
• There are approximately 400 sauna fires in Finland each year.

4. By your own action, you prevent accidents.
By minor actions and changes in your habits, you can effectively prevent fires and dangerous situations.
You can fight accidents by following
instructions and rules, as well as paying
attention to the surroundings.
Orderliness, tidiness, and storing flammable items in a correct place prevent fires.
Be particularly careful with open fire.
Candles, disposable barbeques, and
camp-fires, for example, are open fires.
4. By your own action, you prevent accidents.
Most fires are caused by people’s negligence. Approximately 400 structural fires are intentionally ignited.
The negligence may be the result of people’s attitude towards safety, leading to non-compliance with regulations or guidelines, or the risk of a fire is not taken seriously. A fire may start from a coffee maker left on, a pot of grease left on a hot cooking plate, a faulty electrical appliance or battery, or e.g. clothes hanging in sauna. In addition, careless handling of fire and non-observance of a ban on open fire may result in extensive damage. Furthermore, negligence and carelessness may be the result of various human causes, such as tiredness, rush, or social pressure. Various factors affecting the ability to function, memory disorders increase the risk of accidents.
Fires can be prevented by small measures and changes in habits. Very small changes in one’s everyday practices forge and maintain safety and prevent fires. However, it is important for everyone to make precautions at home or school for various danger situations and accidents. It is important to become aware of how danger situations could be prevented, how to escape from a fire, and whether one’s abilities are sufficient to help those injured or in a danger situation.

5. Rescue Act: Caution and requirement to take care
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW:
Careless handling of fire may lead to surprisingly large damages and liability for damage.
Everyone must be careful to avoid the risk of a fire.
It is prohibited to make an open fire when the
Finnish Meteorological Institute has issued a
grass or forest fire warning.
It is everyone’s obligation to intervene in accordance with one’s ability in a dangerous situation and by his or her own action to prevent an accident from happening or spreading.
Anyone who has deliberately lighted a fire always has to compensate for the resulting damages. Under 15-year-olds are also liable for compensation.
5. Rescue Act
Section 2 of the Rescue Act refers to the general obligations which insofar as lives of the young are concerned in particular relate to the duty to be careful and care when handling fire.
It is important to understand that prevention of danger situations and accidents is everyone’s obligation.
Even though the legal requirement is to be careful and intervene in danger situations, it is important to understand that taking care of one’s own and everyone else’s safety is in the interest of everybody.
Link to the Rescue Act:
Assignment:
Read the following news together and think how the accident could have been avoided:
“An evening of barbequing got expensive for Italian male pupils: a fine of EUR million for a forest fire” (Source: Yle.fi,
Check on the website of the Finnish Meteorological Institute whether a grass or forest fire warning is effective somewhere in Finland right now.
More information:
A campfire or other open fire shall not be lighted if the conditions due to drought, wind, or another reason are such that the danger of a forest fire, grass fire, or another fire is apparent. It is prohibited to light an open fire when a fire forest waring is in force.

6. Only a working smoke alarm saves lives.
A smoke alarm is a device that detects a starting fire and warns those present.
Check the smoke alarm each month and replace the batteries at least once a year.
It is a legal requirement that each flat must have a smoke alarm.
40% of fire deaths
happen in flats that have no smoke alarms.
40%
In addition, summer cottages, boats, and other premises where people can sleep must have a smoke alarm.
6. Only a working smoke alarm saves lives.
A smoke alarm detects smoke fast - also when occupants are asleep - and sounds a loud warning signal. This gives you time to rescue yourself.
A smoke alarm is an accessory prescribed by law in each home and vacation home. The resident of the flat is responsible for acquiring and maintaining a battery- operated smoke alarm. The law and insurance are always on your side, if you see to your own obligation.
A smoke alarm needs maintenance. A smoke alarm remains operational when it is tested every month and the batteries are replaced once a year. A good mnemonic is to check the alarm e.g. on the first day or each month. The alarm is tested by keeping the test button pressed down for as long as you can hear a beep. The smoke alarm indicates that its battery is becoming exhausted by giving a faint warning signal at regular intervals.
A useful service life of a smoke alarm is 5 to 10 years from its manufacturing date. A smoke alarm must display information on its manufacturing date and the user manual must state when it is worthwhile to replace the smoke alarm.

7. At least one smoke alarm per each starting 60 m2 of
each floor of the flat!
Upstairs is 60 square metres large, so one smoke alarm is fixed to the ceiling.
Downstairs is 70 square metres,
so two smoke
alarms are fixed to the ceiling.
7. At least one smoke alarm for each beginning 60 m2 of each floor of the flat!
The slide illustrates a two-floor 130 square metre flat. The picture is simplified but illustrates what the decree on smoke alarms means. According to the decree, one smoke alarm is required for every beginning 60 square metres of each floor.
Downstairs is 70 square metres in size, so it needs to have two smoke alarms.
The size of upstairs is 60 square metres, so it needs to have one smoke alarm.
Assignment:
You can ask the pupils to think how many smoke alarms their homes must have according to the decree, and whether they have a sufficient number of alarms. In addition, you might ask the pupils to develop for themselves a mnemonic by means of which they remember the monthly testing of the smoke alarm.
Video material:

8. a dangerous combination
Alcohol and smoking is
a dangerous combination
75%
Almost 75% of men and 65% of women who have died in fires have been under the influence of alcohol or other intoxicants at the time of the accident.
65%
A person under the influence of alcohol or intoxicants, and smoking, may easily fall asleep whereby a cigarette falling from the hand easily ignites home textiles. This represents the most common cause of death in fires.
8. Alcohol and smoking is a dangerous combination
Heavy use of alcohol or other intoxicants and smoking are among the biggest causes of fatal fires. In addition, certain medicaments and alcohol is a dangerous combination. A person under the influence of alcohol or intoxicants, and smoking, may fall asleep whereby a cigarette drops from the hand and easily ignites home textiles. This is one of the most common causes of fire deaths. Careless smoking is also one of the most common causes of fires.
A question for the pupils:
How do legislation and regulations try to affect fires caused by smoking?

9. Electric equipment fires are common in homes.
700
60%
Each year,
approximately 700
fires are caused by an electric device.
Approximately 60% of domestic fires are caused by an electric device - usually by a device left unattended to charge, or the kitchen stove.
Most electric fires are caused by human activity:
An electric fire is extinguished
by a portable fire extinguisher
or a fire blanket
Use of a faulty
device
Negligence
Activities contrary to the
user instructions.
9. Electric fires are common in homes
Every year, approximately 700 structural fires caused by an electrical device break out in Finland. Risk situations are caused not only by a poor condition of the electrical devices and carelessness, but also usage contrary to the user manual and forgetting. As the number of electrical devices in households is increasing, it is important to recognise the risks and hazards relating to electrical safety.
Electric fires are the result of, for example, an oven or cooking plate accidentally left on, flammable items on or near a stove, faulty electrical cables, dust, overheating or electrical devices, short circuits etc. One of the common causes is also hanging laundry over the sauna stove. Many electric fires can be prevented by minor changes to operating methods, paying more attention and being more careful, and by following user manuals and regulations.
In 2015, there were approximately 2500 electricity-related fires or fire hazards in Finland. In addition to residential buildings, this number also includes work places and other buildings. (Source: Lepistö, J., 2016, Sähköisistä syttymissyistä, Tukes)

10. Batteries and chargers cause fires.
More and more fires start from a rechargeable battery.
In most cases, the fires have started when the device has been charging.
Poor quality, physical damages, or overheating of the battery may cause a short circuit in the device and it may catch fire.
A faulty charger may cause a battery fire.
Lithium batteries, or Li-ion batteries, are used in mobile phones, toys, computers, balancing boards, and electric bikes, for example.
10. Batteries and chargers cause fires
More and more fires start from a rechargeable battery or a charger. Lithium i.e. Li-ion batteries are easily damaged by knocks and bumps, such as those caused by falling, leading to an increased risk of a short circuit.
Assignment:
Read the news on a battery fire “Samsung’s overheating phone to be banned” (Source: Yle.fi, and discuss it together. Then think how common a phenomenon it is, and how many of the pupils have previously heard about phone-related fires.

11. This is how to prevent a battery fire.
Do not
charge a mobile phone, for example,
when you are
sleeping.
Check the condition of the battery and charger before charging.
Only use the original charger of the device! Beware of risky counterfeit products.
Remove a faulty battery or charger from service without delay.
Always charge the battery according to the user manual and monitor its changing. 
Do not charge a battery in places having flammable material nearby, such as in the bedroom.
Check the battery and charger for overheating.
Unplug the charger from the device and wall socket when charging is complete.
11. This is how to prevent a battery fire
For more information on safe use of Li-ion batteries, check out e.g. Tukes:
Assignment:
Ask pupils a question: do you charge your phone at night in the same place where you sleep?
You can gather answers e.g. by Mentimeter ( on the board.
Discuss together what kind of issues affect the fact the a phone is charged at night time next to the bed, for example. How could this operating method be changed?

12. A fire often starts in the kitchen: Extinguish a grease fire by smothering.
Grease that has caught fire in a kettle or frying pan is extinguished by smothering the fire with the kettle lid or fire blanket.​​
After this, switch off the hood, turn off the stove, and if possible carefully remove the hot kettle from the stove.
Never throw water in the grease: water makes the grease fire burst into even bigger flames! 
Check out
the video
12. Fires often start from the kitchen: grease fire
Burning grease is smothered by the lid of the kettle or by a fire blanket. Then, the hood is switched off and the cooking plate of the stove is switched off.
It is important to emphasize to the pupils that extinguishing a grease fire with water makes the fire burst. Water poured into burning grease causes the fire to spread in an explosive manner. The video material well illustrates how large the burst easily is.
Link to the video material:
Assignment:
Why does a grease fire burst if an attempt is made to put it out with water?
Answer:
Water is heavier than grease and therefore seeks to go under the grease. When water reaches its boiling point, it evaporates and expands very fast, and the grease that is burning like an explosion spreads in droplets. Grease burns vigorously when there is oxygen available.

13. Learn the skill of first-aid extinguishing.
By first-aid extinguishing, you can smother a
starting fire and limit damages.
Get familiar with the equipment and practice first- aid extinguishing! This way you know what to do in an unexpected situation.
You can try to put out a starting fire only if you can do it safely.
Leave the room immediately and warn others, if the fire and poisonous burning gasses have spread to the room. 
13. Learn the skill of first-aid extinguishing
By first-aid extinguishing you can prevent and limit damages!
You never know when you need the first-aid extinguishing skills. It is worthwhile to learn first-aid extinguishing skill so that you can act fast in an emergency.
It is important to know where the firs-aid extinguishing means are located. Get familiar with the equipment, practice first-aid extinguishing and maintain those skills!
Also remember:
Try to extinguish a starting fire only if you can do it without placing yourself in danger. First-aid extinguishing can be practiced during the NouHätä campaign, for example, with the rescue services.
Question:
Do you know where the closest first-aid extinguishing means is located right now?

14. Choose the right tool for first-aid extinguishing according to the fire.
PORTABLE EXTINGUISHER
WATER
F I R E B L A N K E T
WOOD
PAPER
PLASTIC
FABRIC
WOOD
P A P E R
PLASTIC
FABRIC
WOOD
PAPER
PLASTIC
FABRIC
POWERED ELEC.APPL.
F O O D
P H O N E
SAUNA
POWERED ELEC.APPL.
F O O D
P H O N E
SAUNA
POWERED ELEC.APPL.
F O O D
P H O N E
SAUNA
14. Choose the right extinguishing tool according to the fire.
It is important to choose the right extinguishing tool according to the fire.
In a danger situation, it is important to know how to choose the right extinguishing tool so that the first-aid extinguishing measure is safe and effective. A wrong first-aid extinguishing tool for extinguishing a fire can even make the effects of the fire worse. A first-aid extinguishing tool is an extinguishing tool suitable for use by one person, by means of which smallish fires can be put out and major damage prevented. A fire is easiest to extinguish at an early stage. This is why there must be an adequate number or first-aid extinguishing means at home readily available. You must also know how to use first-aid extinguishing means, because only rapid and correct action help extinguish a fire immediately or at least efficiently limit it.
Assignment:
Go through together the first-aid extinguishing means, extinguishing ways, and different types of fire.
Question:
Why is it important to know how to choose the correct extinguishing means according to the fire?
GREASE
O I L
PAINT
C A N D L E
GREASE
O I L
PAINT
C A N D L E
GREASE
O I L
PAINT
C A N D L E

15. A fire spreads fast. 1–2 min 2–3 min 3–4 min
Once a fire has started, the indoor air turns life-threatening in a few minutes.
© Räddningstjänsten Syd
1–2 min
2–3 min
3–4 min
17. A fire spreads fast.
A fire spreads really fast, and it is therefore important to know the correct and safe methods!
If a fire is detected the moment is starts, the fire is easy to put out with a fire blanket or portable fire extinguisher.
A smoke alarm nearby detects a fires within approximately a minute from the start of the fire.
Within a few minutes from the start of the fire, the space already has plenty of toxic fire gasses which are dangerous to breath in. Extinguishing is no longer possible on your own. It is important to warn others and leave the room without delay. Close the door behind you and call for help from a safe place.
Assignment:
Watch the following video:
Discuss the development of the fire after the video. You can go through the fire stages by means of the slide set. Pay particular attention to the spreading of the toxic gasses and the impairing visibility.

16. Rescue Prepare for fires in advance by planning exit routes
and practising regularly.
Each building must have two separate escape routes - including your own home. 
In an emergency, smoke or fire may prevent the use of the front door, which is why it is important that you know where the other escape routes are.
In a single-family house, the other escape route may be a window, for example.
In a block of flats, the other escape route may be a window or balcony, for example, so that the fire department can come to rescue.
16. Rescue
When you are caught in an emergency, you can find your way to safety through an escape route. In public places, an escape route can always be found by following green EXIT signs.
Each building, including your own home, must have two escape routes. Normally, the front door is used, but in an accident smoke or fire may prevent using this route. It is therefore important to know where the other escape routes are located.
Assignment:
Think where the escape routes are in the building you are in and how they are marked.
Video material Leaving a fire

17. This is what to do in case of fire
If first-aid extinguishing is unsuccessful
Leave the burning flat. Do not use the elevator!
Close the doors and windows behind you. This helps restrict the fire from spreading.
Warn others in danger and help them leave.
Call 112 from a safe place.
Guide rescue services to the scene.
If your own flat is on fire
Try first-aid extinguishing, if it is safe to do so.
Warn others in the flat.
17. This is what to do in case of fire - if there is a fire in your own flat
When the smoke alarm sounds, it is important to act fast, because there is only little time to warn others and to leave.
If the smoke alarm sounds in the same flat where you are, warn those in danger by shouting and wake up anyone sleeping.
If the starting fire is small, you can try to put it out with a fire blanket or portable extinguisher. Do not put yourself in danger.
If the fire is not extinguished within approximately half a minute, close the door leading to the room on fire.
Leave the flat quickly and help others out, too. When leaving, close any open windows and the front door. If you are in a block of flats, and there is no smoke in the staircase, warn the neighbours by ringing their doorbells, for example. Remember to leave by the staircase, do not use the elevator!
Call the emergency number from a safe place. Guide the fire department to the scene.

18. This is what to do in case of fire
If you are in a block of flats, and there is a fire next door or in the staircase.
If there is smoke in the staircase, close the door to your flat.
Stay inside, if you cannot safely leave your flat through another route.
Call the emergency number 112!
Seal the gaps of your flat door by damp towels, for example, if necessary.
Wait for help on the balcony or by an open window.
Attract the rescuers’ attention to yourself by shouting or waving your hands.
Do not go to a smoke-filled staircase!
18. This is what to do in a fire - if you are in a block of flats and there is a fire next door or the staircase.
It is important to emphasize that if you are in a block of flats and the fire is not in your own flat, it is better to stay in your own flat.
Close the doors and seal the door gaps with a wet towel, if necessary, so that smoke cannot come in your own apartment. In blocks of flats, each flat forms a fire compartment. Compartmentation prevents a fire and combustion gases from spreading from one flat to the next. This is why the safest way is to stay in one’s own flat.
It is life-threatening to go to a smoke-filled staircase.

19. Summary of what to do in a fire
Rescue and warn!
Extinguish!
Call 112 for help!
Restrict!
Guide!
Have you already installed the 112 Suomi application on your phone?
19. Summary of what to do in case of fire
In case of fire: Warn others and rescue them!
You can try to extinguish a starting fire with a first-aid extinguishing means. Try first-aid extinguishing for about 30 seconds.
Place a call to the emergency number 112!
Limit the fire as you leave to safety by closing the doors and windows.
Guide the fire department to the scene.
Note! Make sure by discussion with the pupils that they understand the significance of each point.
The pupils can also be reminded of downloading the 112 Finland application. For more information on the application and its use, check out the website of the emergency response centre (

20. 2. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS
Prevention of accidents and incidents
Emergency help
Duty to help
Public warning signal and civil defence
20. Accidents and incidents
The field of accidents and incidents consists of four themes.
Prevention of accidents and incidents
Emergency help
Duty to help
Public warning signal and civil defence
The signs at the top right corned of the slides indicate the slide content and field.
The 112! marks highlight the importance of making an emergency call.
An exclamation mark indicates that the notes of the slide include questions, assignments, or video material for pupils, which you can make use of when implementing your lesson.

21. Young accident patients 2016 to 2018 (average, number)
under 7 yrs
7 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Age group
21. The number of young accident patients between 2016 and 2018
Assignment:
Examine the graph together. What observations can you make based on the graph?
Discuss what dangers and risks are associated with young persons’ sporting activities?
How could accidents be prevented?
More information:
Boys are more accident-prone, and the difference is larger in older age groups.
The largest proportion, 83%, of accidental deaths involve 15 to 24-year-olds. Instead, there is no similar difference to be seen in hospital treatment periods between different age groups. The proportion of young people treated at inpatient wards of hospitals is about one half. In all the age groups, the proportion of males in accidental deaths (75%) and treated (64%) is higher than that of females. (Source: THL.fi.)
B o y s
Girls
Finnish institute for health and welfare, source: Hospital discharge register

22. Road accidents of young people.
One road traffic injury out of three involves a 15 to 24 year old person.
Mopedists of 15 years of age and car drivers of 18 have a particularly high accident risk.
The reasons underlying young persons’ traffic accidents are often overestimating one’s own driving skills and taking unnecessary risks.
22. Road accidents of young people
One in three road accident injuries involves a young person. The reason for serious road accidents can often be found behind the steering wheel: overestimating one’s driving skills, unnecessary risks, drugs, tiredness, or inadequate safety equipment.
The proportion of young people in road accidents is large: every year as many as 1800 young people get injured or die in road accidents.
(Source:
Question for the pupils:
There has been a lot of discussion on the lightweight car reform and moped cars on the media lately. What kind of discussions have your heard and what sort of views have been put forth in such discussions?

23. This is what to do in an accident
Stop at the scene of an accident.
Take care of your own safety and avoid further damage.
Find out what has happened.
Call 112 and follow the instructions.
If need be, give emergency help.
23. This is what to do in case of accident
We all have the obligation to help and to get help. The most important thing is to stop and see to it that you are safe yourself. Then, further accidents are avoided and the person being helped is protected e.g. against traffic. After this, it is found out what has happened, and help is alerted by calling the emergency number. Act in accordance with the instructions of the emergency response centre and answer their questions. End the call only after being given the permission by the emergency response centre to do so. Always help anyone in need of help to the best of your abilities. Only leave the scene upon arrival of professional help and when given the permission to do so.
Note!
Depending on the situation, the order of action may vary. Sometimes it makes sense to place the emergency call immediately, and sometimes further accidents should be prevented first. If there are many helpers at the scene, one makes the emergency calls straight away, another helper prevents further accidents, and a third gives emergency first aid.

24. Make sure an unconscious patient is breathing
Can you waken the person you are helping? Talk to the person and gently shake them.
If the person does not wake up, call the emergency number 112 and follow the instructions of the emergency response centre.
Turn the person you are helping to their back and find out whether they are breathing normally.
Open the respiratory passage by straightening the head: lift at the tip of the jaw and explore by your cheek or hand the breathing of the person you are helping. See whether the chest is moving.
If breathing is normal, turn the person on their side. Monitor breathing until the rescue staff arrives.
24. Ensure an unconscious patient is breathing
The official instructions of the Finnish Red Cross to help an unconscious patient:
At first, find out whether the person is conscious and whether you can waken them. They are gently wakened by talking to them or shaking them.
If the person does not awaken, call the emergency number and use the loudspeaker function of the phone.
Place the person on their back, and find out whether they are breathing normally.
The respiratory passage is opened by straightening the head and lifting at the tip of the jaw. Feel the flow of air with your own cheek and monitor whether the chest is moving.
If the person being helped is breathing normally, turn them carefully to a side position. Ensure the respiratory passage is clear and breathing is normal. Monitor the person being helped until professional help arrives at the scene.
Assignment:
Practice the turning of someone to a side position. Sometimes the mere turning to a side position can save a human life. The respiratory passages stay open the best in a side position.
1. Raise one hand of the person you are helping obliquely upwards with the palm facing up and place the other hand on the chest Raise the rear knee of the person you are helping so that it is bent.
3. Grab the shoulder and bent knee of the person you are helping and turn them to the side towards yourself.
4. Place a hand under the cheek, the back of the hand up.
5. Leave the upper leg at a straight angle.
6. Ensure breathing by bending the head backwards.
For more details, refer to the SPR first aid instructions:
allinen_aikuisen_ppe_yksi_auttaja.pdf
Video material: Helping the injured

25. Quick resuscitation multiplies the chances of recovery!
Can you waken the person you are helping?
If the person does not wake up, call the emergency number 112 and follow the instructions of the emergency response centre.
Turn the person you are helping to their back and find out whether they are breathing normally.
If the person you are helping is not breathing, start compression resuscitation.
Compress 30 times at the centre of the breastbone.
Open the respiratory passage and close the nostrils of the person you are helping. Cover the mouth of the person with your mouth and blow air twice in a gentle manner. Check that the chest of the person rises when you are blowing air.
Continue resuscitation: 30 compressions and two blows, until help arrives at the scene.
Quick resuscitation multiplies the chances of recovery!
25. Resuscitation
More information for pupils:
If an unconscious person does not awaken, start resuscitation. If you have no experience in it, the emergency number 112 will help you.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of an adult:
First open the respiratory passages.
Push the breastbone 30 times with the arms straight. The breastbone yields approximately 4 to 5 cm with each compression.
Continue by rescue breaths: open the respiratory passages again and close the nostrils by your thumb and index finger. Press your lips tightly on the person’s mouth.
Perform two rescue breaths, follow the movement of the breastbone at the same time.
Continue performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation by alternating the rhythm 30 compressions 2 breaths, until a professional can take charge, breathing is restored, or you are no longer able to continue resuscitation.
You can practice resuscitation skills in the NoHätä campaign, under the rescue services, and in various hobby circles and courses by different organizations, such as the Finnish Red Cross.
Assignment:
go through together the position of hands in compression resuscitation:
place the palms of one hand on top of each other and the heel of the hand is aimed at the compression point.
Point out to the pupils that resuscitation can only be practiced with dolls, under no circumstances with another person.
When you have tried the position of the hands, find a rhythm, i.e. approximately 100 per min. Conceptualize the rhythm by clapping and tapping your hands against a table.
More information:
Red Cross resuscitation instructions:

26. A test signal is provided on the first Monday of each month.
Public warning signal
The public warning signal warns people outdoors of a threatening imminent danger, such as a traffic accident of dangerous goods, or a radiation danger.
The public warning signal is a one-minute-long sound signal with an alternating rising (7 seconds) and lowering (7 seconds) pitch.
A test signal is provided on the first Monday of each month.
If you hear the public warning signal
Seek immediate shelter indoors.
Close the doors, windows, and ventilation.
Follow the instructions on the radio or TV.
Avoid using the phone!
26. Public warning signal
The public warning signal warns people outdoors of a threatening imminent danger. Such dangerous situations may be e.g. large fires or an accident concerning dangerous substances. When you hear the public warning signal, you are to seek shelter indoors and follow instructions on the radio or TV. When the public warning signal sounds, avoid using the phone to prevent jamming the lines.
The public warning system is maintained for actual danger situations, and the operation of the system is checked on the first non-holiday Monday of the month at 12 noon by sounding a test signal. The test signal is a continuous, constant alarm sound lasting for 7 seconds. The test signal requires no action from the general public. Do not call the emergency number 112 for enquiries.
Assignment:
Listen to the public warning signal and think what the warning signal is like and how it differs from other alarm signals.

27. Listen to the sound signals
T E S T S I G N A L
PUBLIC WARNING SIGNAL
ALL CLEAR SIGNAL
27. Listen to the sound signals.
Assignment:
Listen to the sound signals and discuss how they differ from each other.
Test signal:
Public warning signal:
All-clear signal:
Video material:
Public warning signal and seeking shelter
A question for the pupils:
Are there industrial plants or warehouses nearby, which use or store chemicals? Are there nuclear power plants in your area?

28. www.nouhata.fi 28. NOUHÄTÄ! COMPETITION
8th graders can take part in the NouHätä! competition! Form a three-member group and take part!
The qualification will take place in March at the latest.
After the qualification, the best teams will be invited to regional competitions held in April or March.
The winning 22 teams of the regional competitions take an interesting trip in late spring to Pelastusopisto (Emergency Services Academy Finland) in Kuopio, to the national final.
All teams will get awarded in the final. The winners will also receive a EUR 2,000 safety reward. In addition to that, the top teams will receive personal rewards.
What do you need to know in the competition?
The competition includes both theoretical and practical assignments. They are as a general rule based on the learning material on the NouHätä! website, the NouHätä! lessons, and other content of the basic training. There may also be questions or tasks covering the basic safety skills of every citizen. There may also be surprise tasks.
Success in the competition depends on knowledge, skills and teamwork. Manual skills, quick thinking and common sense will give you an edge. Sometimes, success and winning may also be down to good luck. You will do well in the competition if you can spot hazards and improve your safety as well as the safety of others. What’s more, you will need to know what to do in case of an emergency.
How to join the competition?
Your teacher will take care of registration together with the fire and rescue service.