1. Europe Encounters the World
Age of Exploration
Europe Encounters the World

2. Do Now 10/15/19 Preview Section Ch 31 The Age of Exploration
I love Flocabulary!!

3. Age of Exploration / Age of Discovery
This era goes both names
Let’s watch

4. Motivations: Why did Europeans want to explore?
From the 1400s to the 1700s, Europe experienced an “Age of Exploration”
The Renaissance encouraged curiosity & a desire for trade
Motivations: Why did Europeans want to explore?
As a result of exploration, European nations grew powerful & spread their influence throughout the world

5. Timing – What circumstances led to a change in beliefs so people began to believe in exploration?
Variety of factors between
Agricultural
Resources (gold, silver, spices, precious stones, etc)
Other factors – push/pull – 3G’s
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

6. Why explore in the first place?
Motives for exploration
New technological advances
Improved ship design
Improved weapons
Desire for Wealth
Gain access to the Spice Trade
Find new sources of Gold and Silver – thank you Marco Polo
Expand their control = more land = more power (MONEY, POWER, POWER!!!!)
Religious Devotion
convert more people to Christianity
the expansion/success of the Islamic empires – struggle for power and control
Bad feelings towards one another after the Crusades
Renaissance Spirit and Values - humanism
Desire to learn about new lands and people – people began to question previous beliefs
Desire for adventure, fame, glory
Marco Polo traveled through Asia and wrote about it – sparked a new interest in foreign lands
Why explore in the first place?

7. What is the easiest way to remember it all?
The 3 G’s – in this order
Gold
Glory
God

8. Gold (Money)
Merchants began looking for quick, direct trade routes to Asia to avoid Muslim & Italian merchants & increase profits
The Crusades & Renaissance stimulated European desires for exotic Asian luxury goods

9. The First G - Gold
HOT item – but remember that it is really wealth, not just literal gold the explorers were after
Europe needed gold and silver to fuel the rising banking system
Wanted spices (remember the spoiled meat and foul smells)
Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India made him a 3000% (yep, 3000%) profit
Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well – timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc
Competition to outdo each other will enhance the idea of mercantilism
The idea that there is only so much wealth in the world, and that to make your kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth than other kingdoms
Basically – trying to have more than anyone else
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

10. The Renaissance inspired new possibilities for power & prestige
Glory
Kings who sponsored voyages of exploration gained overseas colonies, new sources of wealth for their nation, & increased power
The Renaissance inspired new possibilities for power & prestige
Exploration presented Europeans the opportunity to rise from poverty and gain fame, fortune, & status

11. The Second G - Glory
Like the 1st G – glory is a relatively new idea in Europe
Came out of the Renaissance idea of Humanism and the focus on individual achievement
Rise of the printing press – rise in the idea of gaining fame for one’s actions more of a possibility
Kings wanted glory for their kingdoms – competition spreads
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

12. God
European Christians, especially Catholics, wanted to stop the spread of Islam & convert non-Christians to the faith
Explorers were encouraged to spread Christianity or bring missionaries who would focus only on conversions

13. The Third G - God
Since Catholics spread Christianity through their regions, Europeans usually felt it was their obligation to continue
After the Reformation, competition for followers multiplies
Colonization, coming later, will become a race to convert native people to a particular section of Christianity – leading to many wars and human rights violations
Jesuits (Catholics) – some of the most active missionaries
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

14. Do Now 10/16/19
Quick Write – In your notebook, write down as many Famous Explorers as possible within the next two minutes.

15. Means: How were explorers able to sail so far & make it back again?
Before the Renaissance, sailors did not have the technology to sail very far from Europe & return

16. European shipbuilders built a better ship; The caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas & in shallow water
Caravels had triangular lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind
A moveable rudder made the caravel more maneuverable
Cannons & rifles gave ships protection

17. New Maritime Technology
Better Maps
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass

18. New Weapons Technology – Caravels, Guns and Canons

19. Who were the explorers. Where did they go
Who were the explorers? Where did they go? How did they change world history?

20. Pre 1492 Map of the World – hint, it’s flat

21. Europeans were not the 1st Explorers
Islamic Voyagers
Islamic merchants explored the Indian Ocean & had dominated the Asian spice trade for centuries before European exploration
Chinese Voyagers
From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led the Chinese treasure fleet on 7 expeditions to SE Asia, India, & Africa during the Ming Dynasty

22. But in the late 1400s, the European sailors did what neither Muslim nor Chinese explorers could: Begin global (not regional) exploration & create colonies to increase their wealth & power

23. Portugal was the early leader in the Age of Exploration
In Portugal, Prince Henry the Navigator started a school of navigation to train sailors
He brought in Europe’s best map-makers, ship-builders, & sailing instructors
He wanted to discover new territories, find a quick trade route to Asia, & expand Portugal’s power

24. How did these explorations begin
Henry the Navigator – Prince of Portugal
Started an institute for seafaring and exploring – education is power
Combined ship technology learned from Islam with new European innovations
By his death in 1460, Portuguese explorers had sailed as far south as the Gold Coast of West Africa…without falling off the Earth

25. Spain sent explorers called conquistadors to the New World to find gold, claim land, & spread Christianity
Cortez conquered the Aztecs
Pizarro conquered the Inca
The influx of gold from America made Spain the most powerful country in Europe during the early years of the Age of Exploration

26. England, France, & the Netherlands became involved in overseas exploration & colonization as well

27. The French would soon carve out a large colony along the Mississippi River from Canada to New Orleans. The French explorer Samuel de Champlain searched Canada for a northwest passage to Asia. After failing to do so, Champlain founded the French colony of Quebec.

28. Line of Demarcation – The Treaty of Tordesillas
Initiated by Pope Alexander VI
Line down the Atlantic Ocean dividing “undiscovered” territories between Portugal and Spain
Why did he include only Spain and Portugal when all the other countries were also involved in exploration?
Territories east = Portugal
Territories west = Spain
When you look at the map, does it seem fair? Why do you think Spain ends up with more?
Explorers now race to “discover” new territories
This is why South America speaks both Spanish and Portugese

29. The English explorer James Cook was the first European to make contact with Australia, New Zealand, & Hawaii

30. The Netherlands
Like England, the Netherlands (the Dutch) allowed private companies to fund exploration
The Dutch had colonies in America & Africa, but the Dutch East India Company dominated trade in Asia

31. Activity 10/16/19 – Part 1
Age of Exploration WebQuest

32. Do Now 10/17/19
Think-Pair-Share Think about the 5 European countries who sent out our explorers, what role does competition play in globalization? Pair and share.

33. Economic Impact Europeans go crazy for gold/riches in America
The supply is low – the demand is very high = set your price and watch the money roll!
Allows for successful explorers to make huge profits – remember, most explorers were nobility before the fall of feudalism and they had to find other ways to supplement their income
Completely changes trade – new network between Europe and the Americas
Faster and shorter routes than trying to go around Africa to get to the Asian markets
Super excited they no longer have to split the profits with their old friends turned enemies in the Muslim empires

34. Outcome Better maps New centers of commerce Growth of capitalism
New economic system – market economy
New economic policy – mercantilism
Labor – people now working for money instead of trading for goods/services
Outcome

35. Global Impact
Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate the Indian Ocean
Spain in Asia → consolidated its holding in the Philippines (important for later!!)
First English expedition to the Indies in (important for later!!)
Dutch arrive in India in 1595 (important for later!!)
Africa in an age of transition (important for later!!)
European expansion affected Africa with the dramatic increase of the slave trade
Traditional political systems and cultures continue to exist in most of Africa…for now
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

37. Activity 10/18/19 – Finish
Age of Exploration WebQuest - Early finishers (both your ISN and your WebQuest) have an additional game opportunity

38. Test your knowledge as you play “Walk the Plank” https://schoolhistory
Test your knowledge as you play “Walk the Plank” mes/age-of-exploration-walk- the-plank-game/
Review Activity 10/17/19

39. Exit ticket
How did exploration lead to inflation in Europe?