1. Developments in East Asia
AP World Modern Topic 1.1

3. Before 1200 in CHINA and East Asia…
IN teraction
Social
Political
Economic
Culture
Technology
INSPECT

4. Before 1200. Interaction with the Environment and Technology
SUI dynasty build the Grand Canal
The SONG Dynasty expands and redoes it Song Dynasty
Champa Rice
Allows for 2 harvests
More food leads to:
MORE PEOPLE!!!

5. The Grand Canal Longest in the world 1000 Miles
Redone by the Song Dynasty

7. Before 1200 in CHINA INSPECT IN teraction Social Political Economic
Culture
Technology
INSPECT

8. Patriarchal Reflected Confucian principles, filial piety
East Asian Society:
Patriarchal
Reflected Confucian principles, filial piety
Women were 2nd class people
"Mean People”
People without meaning in life - artists, performers, merchants
Current event connection:
Hong Kong Protestors urge boycott of Disney Mulan Remake in March 2020
Classics of Filial Piety taught subordinates to elders, especially males
In Lessons for Woman Ban Zhao said that the virtues most important for women are humility, obedience, subservience, and devotion to their fathers, husbands, and sons. She basically argued that women should also be educated because in doing so, women would be better able to do the things listed above and raise virtuous sons
Mean People were seen as not having a purpose in life because they do not make anything of value to society.

9. Foot Binding
Link
Begins during the Song Dynasty

10. Before 1200 in CHINA INSPECT IN teraction Social Political Economic
Culture
Technology
INSPECT

11. Leading up to 1200 - Political
Strong Centralized Bureaucracy becomes the norm
Qin and Han Dynasties
Mandate of Heaven is how rulers claim legitimacy
Nearly every dynasty leading up to 1200 utilized civil service exams for aspiring government officials
Test based on Confucian curriculum
Mandate of Heaven -> The heavens have chosen whom the dynasty should be and will bring good fortune on China as long as the gods are pleased (good harvest, victory in battle, good economies) and the heavens will indicate when the people should overthrow the dynasty by sending bad things (Ex. Famine, disease, loss in war, natural disasters, etc.)
Confucianism is an ideal religion for governments because it requires obedience and respect to your superiors and the emperor is at the top of that chain
Theoretically, a government advisor could come from any walk of life. In practice, they were almost always of noble birth because those are the only families that could afford the schooling to prep their child for the exams.

12. Civil Service exams

15. Before 1200 in CHINA INSPECT IN teraction Social Political Economic
Culture
Technology
INSPECT

16. Leading up to Culture
Chinese philosophy generally accepts that there is a basic harmony of nature and that humans and society need live in this balance.
IE - Hot/Cold, Dark/Light, Male/Female
Religion’s believed in god/gods but didn’t focus on them
Instead stressed harmonious earthly life
Big 4: Buddhism, Taoism, Legalism, and Confucianism,
Confucianism has the most influence
Confucianism is built around relationships and obedience to superiors -5 relationships
The implications are that it limits China’s ability to learn and borrow from other cultures but also spared it from frequent invasions that were common in places like the Middle East, Asia, and India.
Despite several changes in dynasties throughout Chinese history, every new dynasty used a centralized bureaucracy with only minor changes to the bureaucracy from one dynasty to the next.
Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism all focused on correcting societal problems during times of disruption
The 5 relationships are friend to friend, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, father to son, and ruler to ruled.

18. Leading up to 1200 - Buddhism
Buddhist teachings can be summed up by 4 key beliefs
Called the 4 Noble Truths
All life is suffering
Suffering caused by attachment and desires
Removing them removes suffering
This may be done through the eightfold path
Right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
Buddhism became very important in dynasties leading up to 900 CE
Over time, Buddhism became the dominant religion of China. Publicly, people followed Confucian principles and dedicated their private lives to Buddhism

20. The Song Dynasty:
Expanded meritocracy and number of gov’t workers. Gave favor to civil servants and paid really well in exchange for loyalty
Civil Service exam becomes even more important
Confucian Scholar-bureaucrats starting under the Tang and continuing under the Song convinced emperors that Buddhist monasteries were a threat
Confucian scholar-gentry supplanted Buddhists as the major producers of art and literature
Improved agricultural production results in surging economy
Caused by innovation: Champa Rice, Iron Plows, Use of Draft Animals, and fertilizer
Results in more technological innovations
Why?
Made Porcelain and Iron Production better, invented printing, gunpowder, flying money, and naval technologies such as the compass
Confucian Scholar-bureaucrats starting under the Tang and continuing under the Song convinced emperors that Buddhist monasteries were a threat
Champa Rice is a form of fast ripening rice that yields 2 harvests in a growing season, they utilized Oxen in the north and Water Buffalo in the South and began using manure to fertilize fields
More technological innovations occur because each farmer is able to produce more food which frees up people to move to the cities and specialize in other fields resulting in more innovations across all areas
Flying Money is just paper currency

21. Collapse of the Song Dynasty
2 Main Song Weaknesses
Size of Bureaucracy heavily drained economy
Civil service leadership of military
Jurchen conquer, force Song dynasty to Hangzhou, southern China (Southern Song)

22. Developments in East Asia
1. Champa Rice
2. Paper Money
Block Printing
“Flying Cash”
3. Pound Lock in Grand Canal
4. Expansion of the Civil Service exam
5. Equal field system

23. China 1200-1450 CE (HTS Context)
Prior Dynasties in China Sui Dynasty —The Grand Canal Tang Dynasty Tributary System (Silla kingdom Korea) China’s Golden Age Song Dynasty

24. Continuities in East Asia Topic
Buddhism Confucianism Civil Service Exams